Mumainjini akawanda emukati, gasi rekugovera gasi rine zvikamu zvinoita kuti kufambisa kwesimba kubva kucamshaft kuenda kumavharuvhu - pushers.Verenga zvese nezve mavharuvhu tappets, mhando dzawo, dhizaini uye maficha ekushanda, pamwe nekusarudzwa kwavo nekutsiviwa, mune ino chinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi valve tappet?
Iyo tappet yevharuvhu chikamu chegasi rekugovera michina yepiston yemukati inopisa injini;nguva yekutevera mudziyo, inoendesa axial simba kubva kucamshaft kuenda kuvharuvhu zvakananga kana kuburikidza neanobatsira zvinhu (tsvimbo, rocker ruoko).
Iyo gasi yekuparadzira nzira yechero injini yekupisa yemukati inowanzoenderana nezvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: camshaft, iyo inotenderera inoenderana (asi nehafu yeangular velocity) ine crankshaft, mavharuvhu uye drive yavo.Iyo actuator yemagetsi evhavha inotarisisa nzvimbo yecamshaft uye inova nechokwadi chekufambisa kwesimba kubva kwairi kuenda kumavharuvhu.Zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kushandiswa sekutyaira: tsvimbo, rocker maoko ane uye asina tsvimbo, nezvimwe.Mune nguva yakawanda, zvikamu zvekuwedzera zvinoshandiswa zvakare - pushers.
Nguva yekusundidzira inoita akati wandei mabasa:
● Vanoita sechibatanidza pakati pe camshaft cam uye zvimwe zvikamu zvevhavhavhavhavha;
● Ipa yakavimbika kutapurirana kwemasimba kubva kune camshaft cam kune imwe neimwe yevhavha;
● Kugovera zvakaenzana mitoro inobva pakutenderera kwecamshaft uye kushanda kwenguva;
● Wedzera hupenyu hwebasa rezvikamu zvenguva uye kufambisa kuchengetedza kwayo;
● Vasundi vemamwe marudzi - ipai inodiwa tembiricha magaka pakati pezvikamu zvenguva uye / kana kufambisa maitiro ekugadzirisa kwavo.
Iyo tappet yevharuvhu chikamu chakakosha chenguva, kana paine kusashanda kwayo iyo injini yekushanda inokanganisa zvakanyanya.Muchiitiko chekuputsika, pusher inofanira kuchinjwa, uye kuitira kuti uite sarudzo yakarurama yechikamu chitsva, zvakakosha kunzwisisa marudzi aripo uye magadzirirwo emapusher.
Mhando uye magadzirirwo evhavha tappets
Zvinoenderana nedhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda, pushers akakamurwa kuva akati wandei marudzi:
● Belleville;
● Cylindrical (piston);
● Roller;
● Hydraulic.
Imwe neimwe yemapusher ine yayo yekugadzira maficha uye mashandisirwo.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzevhavha tappets
Poppet valve tappets
Kazhinji, pusher yakadaro ine tsvimbo uye disc base, iyo inozorora pane camshaft cam.Pakupera kwetsvimbo pane tambo yekuisa bhaudhi yekugadzirisa ne locknut, iyo iyo iyo gap inopisa inogadziriswa.Iyo inotsigira chikamu chepusher chinoiswa mukupisa kurapwa (carburization) kuitira kuti iwedzere kupfeka kwayo kuramba.
Zvinoenderana nechimiro chechikamu chinotsigira (ndiro), aya ma push akakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri:
● Nekutsigirwa kweflat;
● Nerutsigiro rwedenderedzwa.
Mapusher emhando yekutanga anoshanda mu tandem ne camshaft ine makamera ane cylindrical inoshanda pamusoro.Mapusher emhando yechipiri anoshandiswa ne camshafts ane conical cams (ine beveled yekushanda pamusoro) - nekuda kweiyi dhizaini, iyo pusher inotenderera panguva yekushanda kweinjini, iyo inovimbisa kupfeka kwayo yunifomu.
Madhisiki tappets ikozvino anenge asingashandiswi, akaiswa painjini dzine mavharuvhu ezasi kana eparutivi akabatanidzwa kana asina tsvimbo.
Cylindrical (piston) valve tappets
Kune marudzi matatu makuru emapusher emhando iyi:
● Cylindrical hollow;
● Magirazi pasi pebhero;
● Magirazi pasi pevharuvhu.
Muchiitiko chekutanga, pusher inogadzirwa nenzira ye cylinder yakavharwa, iyo, kuti iite kugadzirwa, ine cavities uye mahwindo mukati.Kune imwe mugumo kune tambo yekugadzirisa bhaudhi ine locknut.Mapushi akadaro haawanzo shandiswa nhasi, sezvo ari akakura uye anowedzera zviyero zvenguva yese.
Muchiitiko chechipiri, pusher inogadzirwa nenzira yegirazi yediki dhayamita, mukati mayo recess (chitsitsinho) inogadzirirwa kuiswa kwetsvimbo yepusher.Windows inogona kugadzirwa mumadziro echikamu kuti ifambise uye yakajairika lubrication.Mapusher emhando iyi achiri kuwanikwa pamagetsi ekare ane camshaft yakaderera.
Muchiitiko chechitatu, iyo pusher inogadzirwa nenzira yegirasi yehupamhi yakakura, mukati mayo nzvimbo yekubatanidza inogadzirwa kuti isimbiswe pamagumo evhavha.Kazhinji, iyo pusher yakatetepa-yakavezwa, pasi payo uye nzvimbo yekubata inorapwa kupisa (yakaomeswa kana carburized).Zvikamu zvakadaro zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, zvinoiswa muinjini ine pamusoro camshaft uye yakananga valve drive.
Mhando ye cylindrical pusher yevhavha ipusher ine gadziriso washer yakaiswa muzasi (iyo camshaft cam inozorora pairi).Iyo washer inogona kuva nehupamhi hwakasiyana, kutsiva kwayo kunoitwa nekugadzirisa mapeji ekupisa.
Roller valve tappets
Kune marudzi maviri makuru emapusher emhando iyi:
● End;
● Lever.
Muchiitiko chekutanga, iyo pusher inogadzirwa nenzira ye cylindrical rod, muchikamu chezasi iyo simbi roller inoiswa kuburikidza netsono inotakura, uye recess (chitsitsinho) chetsvimbo inopiwa kumucheto wepamusoro.Muchiitiko chechipiri, chikamu chinogadzirwa nenzira yechitsigiro nechitsigiro chimwe, papfudzi iyo yakagadzika roller uye pane recess yetsvimbo.
Zvishandiso zverudzi urwu zvinonyanya kushandiswa mumainjini ane yakaderera camshaft, hazviwanzo kuwanikwa pamagetsi matsva.
Hydraulic valve tappets
Hydraulic pushers (hydraulic lifters) ndiyo mhinduro yemazuva ano inoshandiswa painjini dzakawanda.Mapusher emhando iyi ane yakavakirwa-mukati hydraulic mashandiro ekugadzirisa kupisa gaps, iyo inongozvisarudzira mapeji uye inova nechokwadi chekushanda kwakajairika kwemota.
Nheyo yekugadzirwa kwepusher ndiyo muviri (iyo panguva imwe chete inoita mabasa eplunger), yakagadzirwa nenzira yegirazi yakafara.Mukati memuviri mune silinda inofambiswa ine cheki vharuvhu inopatsanura humburumbira kuita mapako maviri.Pamusoro pekunze kweiyo hydraulic lifter imba, denderedzwa groove inogadzirwa ine maburi ekupa oiri kune humburumbira kubva kune injini lubrication system.Iyo pusher inoiswa pamagumo echiso chevharuvhu, nepo groove iri pamuviri wayo yakabatana negero remafuta mumusoro weblock.
Iyo hydraulic pusher inoshanda seinotevera.Panguva iyo camshaft cam inopinda mupusher, silinda inosangana nekumanikidzwa kubva kuvharuvhu uye ichikwira kumusoro, cheki valve inovhara uye inokiya mafuta ari mukati mecylinder - iyo yese chimiro inofamba sese, ichivimbisa kuvhurwa kwevhavha. .Panguva yekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya pane pusher, mamwe emafuta anogona kupinda mukati memagapu pakati pecylinder uye pusher body, izvo zvinotungamira kune shanduko yekushanda clearances.
Dhizaini ye hydraulic pusher (hydraulic lifter)
Kana cam ikapukunyuka kubva pa pusher, vharuvhu inosimuka nekuvhara, panguva ino iyo pusher body yakatarisana negero remafuta mumusoro wecylinder, uye kudzvanywa muhumburumbira kunodonha kusvika kunenge zero.Somugumisiro, mafuta anobva mumusoro anokunda simba rechitubu chevhavha yekuongorora uye anoivhura, achipinda muhumburu (kunyanya, mukamuri yekubuda mukati mayo).Nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwakagadzirwa, iyo pusher body inosimuka (sezvo silinda inozorora pakatarisana nevhavha hunde) uye inozorora ichipokana necamshaft cam - iyi ndiyo nzira inosarudzwa gap.Mune ramangwana, nzira yacho inodzokororwa.
Munguva yekushanda kweinjini, pamusoro pematepi, camshaft makamera uye magumo evharuvhu madonhwe anosakara uye nekuremara, uye nekuda kwekupisa, zviyero zvezvimwe zvikamu zveiyo nzira yekugovera zvinoshanduka zvishoma, izvo zvinotungamira kune kusingadzoreki shanduko mukati. clearances.Hydraulic tappets inotsiva shanduko idzi, inogara ichiona kuti hapana makwapa uye kuti iyo meshini inoshanda zvakajairwa.
Nyaya dzekusarudza uye kutsiva mavharuvhu tappets
Cheropushers, pasinei nekupisa kwekupisa kwenzvimbo dzavo dzekushanda, dzinopera nekufamba kwenguva kana kusashanda zvakanaka, kukanganisa kushanda kwejini.Matambudziko nemapusher anoratidzwa nekuparara kweinjini, kusanganisira imwe shanduko muvhavha nguva.Kunze, izvi zvinokanganisa zvinoratidzwa neunhu ruzha rwemotokari, iyo inonyatsozivikanwa nemhizha dzine ruzivo.Zvisinei, munyaya yeinjini dzine hydraulic lifters, ruzha pakarepo mushure mekutanga haisi dambudziko.Icho chokwadi ndechekuti mushure mekunge injini isingashande, mafuta anosiya tappets uye misoro migero, uye masekonzi mashoma ekutanga haapi sarudzo yezvipo - izvi zvinoratidzwa nekugogodza.Mushure memasekondi mashoma, sisitimu iri kuita nani uye ruzha runonyangarika.Kana ruzha ruchicherechedzwa kweanopfuura 10-12 masekondi, saka iwe unofanirwa kuterera kune mamiriro evasundi.
Mapusher akaremara anofanirwa kutsiviwa nematsva emhando dzakafanana uye nhamba dzekatalogi.Kutsiviwa kunofanira kuitwa maererano nemirayiridzo yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa kwemotokari, basa iri rinosanganiswa nechidimbu disassembly ye cylinder musoro uye inoda kushandiswa kwechishandiso chakakosha (chekuomesa mavharuvhu uye nevamwe), saka zviri nani vimba nayo kune nyanzvi.Mushure mokutsiva ma pushers, nguva nenguva inofanirwa kugadzirisa zvibvumirano, asi kana hydraulic components inoshandiswa, saka hapana chikonzero chekugadzirisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-14-2023