Injini yega yega yemukati inopisa ine musoro wecylinder (cylinder head) - chikamu chakakosha icho, pamwe chete nemusoro wepiston, inoumba kamuri yekupisa, uye inoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kwega yega masisitimu emagetsi unit.Verenga zvese nezve cylinder misoro, mhando dzadzo, dhizaini, kushanda, kugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa mune ino chinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi silinda musoro?
Musoro wecylinder (cylinder head) ijini inobatidza mukati inoiswa pamusoro pevhavhavhavha.
Musoro wecylinder ndechimwe chezvikamu zvikuru zveinjini yekupisa yemukati, inova nechokwadi chekushanda kwayo uye inosarudza maitiro ayo makuru ekuita.Asi musoro wakapihwa akati wandei mabasa:
• Kuumbwa kwemakamuri ekupisa - muchikamu chezasi chemusoro, chiri zvakananga pamusoro pe cylinder, kamuri rinopisa rinoitwa (chikamu kana kuti zvachose), vhoriyamu yayo yakazara inoumbwa kana TDC piston yasvika;
• Kupa mhepo kana mafuta-mhepo musanganiswa kukamuri rinopisa - nzira dzinoenderana (kupinza) dzinoitwa mumusoro we cylinder;
• Kubviswa kwemagesi emhepo kubva mumakamuri ekupisa - nzira dzinoenderana (kupedza) dzinoitwa mumusoro we cylinder;
• Kutonhora kwechikwata chemagetsi - mumusoro we cylinder kune migero yejasi remvura iyo iyo inotonhorera inotenderera;
• Kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwemaitiro ekuparadzira gasi (nguva) - mavharuvhu anowanikwa mumusoro (nezvikamu zvose zvakabatana - bushings, zvigaro) zvinozarura nekuvhara nzira dzekupinza uye kupera maererano nemagetsi ejini.Zvakare, iyo nguva yese inogona kuwanikwa pamusoro - iyo camshaft (shafts) ine mabhengi uye magiya, iyo valve drive, mavharuvhu zvitubu uye zvimwe zvakabatana zvikamu;
• Lubrication yezvikamu zvenguva - migero uye midziyo inogadzirwa mumusoro, iyo iyo mafuta inoyerera ichienda kunzvimbo dzekukwesha zvikamu;
• Kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwejekiseni remafuta (muinjini dzedhiziri nejekiseni) uye / kana dhizaini (muinjini dzepeturu) - majekiseni emafuta uye / kana spark plug ane zvikamu zvinoenderana (pamwe nedhiziri rinopenya plugs) akaiswa pa head;
• Kuita senhengo yemuviri yekuisa zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana - kutora uye kupera manifolds, sensors, pombi, mabhuraketi, rollers, zvivharo nezvimwe.
Nekuda kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemabasa, zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa zvinoiswa pamusoro wecylinder, uye magadzirirwo ayo anogona kunge akaomarara.Uyewo nhasi kune marudzi akawanda emisoro umo basa rinotsanangurwa rinoshandiswa nenzira imwe kana imwe.
Mhando dzemacylinder heads
Misoro ye cylinder inosiyana mukugadzirwa, rudzi uye nzvimbo yekamuri yekupisa, kuvapo uye rudzi rwenguva, pamwe chete nechinangwa uye zvimwe zvinhu.
silinda misoro inogona kuva neimwe yezvigadziriso zvina:
• Musoro wakajairika wemasilinda ose mu-in-line injini;
• Misoro yakajairika yemutsara mumwe wemasilinda muV-shaped injini;
• Kuparadzanisa misoro yemasilinda akawanda e-multi-cylinder in-line injini;
• Misoro yega-cylinder mune imwe-, mbiri- uye yakawanda-cylinder inline, V-yakaita uye mamwe injini.
Mhando huru dzemakamuri ekupisa emagetsi emukati
Mune yakajairwa 2-6-cylinder in-line injini, misoro yakajairika inowanzoshandiswa kuvhara masilinda ese.Pamainjini akafanana neV, misoro yese cylinder yakajairika kune rimwe mutsara wemasilinda uye misoro yega yega silinda imwe neimwe inoshandiswa (somuenzaniso, sere-cylinder KAMAZ 740 injini dzinoshandisa misoro yakasiyana kune imwe neimwe silinda).Yakaparadzana silinda misoro ye-in-line injini inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kushoma kazhinji, kazhinji musoro mumwe unovhara 2 kana 3 masilinda (somuenzaniso, mune matanhatu-cylinder dizeli injini MMZ D-260 misoro miviri yakaiswa - imwe yemasilinda matatu).Misoro yemasilinda ega ega anoshandiswa pane zvine simba mu-line dhiziri injini (semuenzaniso, paAltai A-01 injini dzedhiziri), pamwe nemagetsi emagetsi edhizaini yakakosha (boxer two-cylinder, nyeredzi, nezvimwewo).Uye nemasikirwo, misoro yega yega inogona kushandiswa pane imwe-cylinder injini, iyo inoitawo mabasa emhepo inotonhorera radiator.
Zvinoenderana nenzvimbo yekamuri yekupisa, kune marudzi matatu emisoro:
• Nekamuri rinopisa mumusoro we cylinder - munyaya iyi, piston ine pasi yakadzika inoshandiswa, kana kuti ine displacer;
• Nekamuri rinopisa mumusoro we cylinder uye mupistoni - munyaya iyi, chikamu chekamuri rinopisa rinoitwa mumusoro wepiston;
• Nekamuri rinopisa mupiston - munyaya iyi, pasi pemusoro wecylinder yakadzikama (asi panogona kunge kune nzvimbo dzekuisa mavharuvhu munzvimbo yakarerekera).
Panguva imwecheteyo, makamuri ekupisa anogona kuva nemhando dzakasiyana uye zvigadziro: spherical uye hemispherical, hipped, wedge uye semi-wedge, flat-oval, cylindrical, yakaoma (yakabatanidzwa).
Zvinoenderana nekuvapo kwezvikamu zvenguva, musoro weyuniti ndeiyi:
• Pasina nguva - misoro ye-multi-cylinder low-valve uye single-cylinder maviri-stroke valveless injini;
• Nemavharuvhu, maoko e rocker uye zvikamu zvakabatana - injini misoro ine camshaft yakaderera, zvikamu zvose zviri pamusoro pemusoro we cylinder;
• Nenguva yakazara - camshaft, valve drive uye mavharuvhu ane zvikamu zvakabatana, zvikamu zvose zviri muchikamu chepamusoro chemusoro.
Pakupedzisira, misoro inogona kupatsanurwa maererano nechinangwa chavo mumhando dzakawanda - yedhiziri, peturu uye gasi magetsi emagetsi, kune yakaderera-speed uye inomanikidzirwa injini, yemvura-yakatonhorera uye inotonhorera mukati memoto injini, nezvimwewo Muzviitiko zvose izvi. , cylinder misoro ine mamwe maitiro ekugadzira - zviyero, kuvapo kwekutonhora kana fin channels, chimiro chemakamuri ekupisa, nezvimwewo. Asi kazhinji, kugadzirwa kwemisoro iyi yose kwakafanana.
cylinder head design
Chikamu chemusoro wecylinder
Zvimiro, iyo cylinder musoro chikamu chakasimba-chakakandwa chakagadzirwa nechinhu chine yakakwira yekupisa conductivity - nhasi kazhinji kazhinji aruminiyamu alloys, white cast iron uye mamwe mamwe alloys anoshandiswa zvakare.Zvose zvikamu zvemasisitimu ari mairi zvinoumbwa mumusoro - nzira dzekupinza uye dzekupedza simba, maburi mavharuvhu (valve guide bushings inotsikirirwa mukati mawo), makamuri ekupisa, zvigaro zvevharuvhu (zvinogona kugadzirwa nearoyi akaomarara), nzvimbo dzekutsigira kukwira. zvikamu zvenguva, matsime uye kukwira maburi maburi ekuisa makenduru uye / kana nozzles, kutonhora system chiteshi, lubrication system chiteshi, Kana musoro wakagadzirirwa injini ine pamusoro camshaft, ipapo mubhedha unoumbwa pamusoro pepamusoro pekuisa shaft. (kuburikidza nemagetsi).
Pamativi ekumusoro emusoro wecylinder, nzvimbo dzekuzadza dzinoumbwa kuti dzikwidze kupinza uye kupera simba manifolds.Kuiswa kwezvikamu izvi kunoitwa kuburikidza nekuisa chisimbiso gaskets iyo isingabatanidzi kubuda kwemhepo uye kubuda kwemhepo.Pazvinjini zvemazuva ano, kuiswa kweizvi nezvimwe zvikamu mumusoro kunoitwa nenzira yezviputi uye nuts.
Pamusoro pepasi pemusoro we cylinder, nzvimbo yekuzadza inogadzirirwa kukwirisa pa block.Kuti ive nechokwadi chekuomarara kwemakamuri ekupisa uye nzira dzeiyo inotonhorera system, gasket iri pakati pe cylinder musoro uye bhizinesi centre.Kuisa chisimbiso kunogona kuitwa neyakajairwa gaskets yakagadzirwa neparonite, rubber-based materials, nezvimwewo, asi mumakore achangopfuura, inonzi simbi mapaketi ave achiwedzera kushandiswa - mhangura-based composite gaskets ine synthetic kuisa.
Chikamu chepamusoro chemusoro chakavharwa nechifukidziro (simbi yakasimbiswa kana plastiki) ine mafuta anozadza mutsipa uye chivharo.Kuiswa kwechifukidzo kunoitwa kuburikidza ne gasket.Chivharo chinodzivirira zvikamu zvenguva, mavharuvhu uye zvitubu kubva mutsvina uye kukuvara, uye zvakare inodzivirira kupera kwemafuta mota ichifamba.
Cylinder musoro dhizaini
Kuiswa kwemusoro we cylinder pamusoro pechivharo kunoitwa nenzira yezviputi kana mabhoti.Matudhi anonyanya kufarirwa kune aruminiyamu zvidhinha, sezvo ivo vachipa yakavimbika yekusungirira pamusoro uye yakaenzana kugovera mitoro mumuviri weblock.
Misoro yehumburumbira yeinjini inotonhorera (mudhudhudhu, scooter nevamwe) ine zvimbi kunze - kuvapo kwezvimbi kunowedzera zvakanyanya nzvimbo yemusoro, kuve nechokwadi kutonhora kwayo kunoshanda nemhepo iri kuuya.
Nyaya dzekuchengetedza, kugadzirisa uye kutsiva cylinder musoro
Musoro we cylinder uye zvikamu zvakaiswa pairi zvinoiswa pasi pemitoro yakakosha, izvo zvinotungamira mukupfeka kwavo kwakanyanya uye kuparara.Sezvo mutemo, kusashanda kwemusoro pachayo hakuwanzoitiki - izvi zvakasiyana-siyana deformations, kuputika, kukanganisa nekuda kwekuora, nezvimwewo. Kuti utsive, unofanira kusarudza musoro wemhando imwechete uye nhamba yekabhuku, kana zvisina kudaro chikamu hachizowira mukati. nzvimbo (pasina gadziridzo).
Kazhinji kacho, kuputsika kwemusoro wecylinder kunoitika mumasisitimu akaiswa pairi - nguva, lubrication, etc. Kazhinji uku kupfekedzwa kwezvigaro zvevharuvhu uye bushings, mavharuvhu pachawo, drive parts, camshaft, etc. Muzviitiko zvese izvi, zvikamu zvisina kukwana zvinotsiviwa. kana kugadziriswa.Nekudaro, mugaraji, mamwe marudzi ekugadzirisa akaoma kuita, semuenzaniso, kudzvanya nekutsikirira bhurawu revhavha, zvigaro zvevharuvhu uye rimwe basa rinogoneka chete nechishandiso chakakosha.
Kunyanya kukoshesa kunofanira kubhadharwa pakugadzika kwakarurama kwemusoro we cylinder.Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti cylinder head gasket inoraswa, inofanira kuchinjwa kana musoro wakabviswa, kuiswazve kwechikamu ichi hakugamuchirwi.Paunenge uchiisa musoro we cylinder, kurongeka kwakarurama kwekusimbisa zvisungo (studs kana mabhoti) kunofanira kuonekwa: kazhinji basa rinotanga kubva pakati pemusoro nekufamba kune kumucheto.Nekusimbisa uku, mutoro uri pamusoro wakagoverwa zvakaenzana uye zvisizvo zvisingagamuchirwi zvinodziviswa.
Panguva yekushanda kwemotokari, kuchengetedza musoro uye zvirongwa zviri mairi zvinofanira kuitwa maererano nemirairo uye mazano emugadziri.Nekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa panguva yakakodzera, musoro we silinda uye injini yese ichashanda yakavimbika uye inobudirira.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-21-2023