Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, mechanical mota speedometers yakatsiviwa nemagetsi ekuyeresa masisitimu, umo ma sensors ekumhanya anoita basa rakakosha.Zvese nezve zvemazuva ano zvinomhanyisa sensors, mhando dzadzo, dhizaini uye mashandiro, pamwe nesarudzo yavo chaiyo uye kutsiva - verenga mune ino chinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi speed sensor
Speed sensor (yemotokari yekumhanyisa sensor, DSA) chinhu chinonzwisa tsitsi cheyemagetsi mota yekumhanyisa kuyerwa system;Iyo yekubata kana isiri-yekubata sensor inoyera angolar velocity yeshaft mugiya bhokisi kana mudhiraivha axle giya bhokisi uye inoendesa kuyerwa kwemhedzisiro kune inomhanya yemotokari controller kana speedometer.
Ndokumbira utarise: chinyorwa chinokurukura chete DSA yekuyera kumhanya kwemota.Nezve mavhiri ekumhanya masensa anoshanda sechikamu cheanoshanda ekuchengetedza masisitimu (ABS nevamwe), inotsanangurwa mune zvimwe zvinyorwa pane yedu webhusaiti.
Speed sensor inogona kuve chikamu cheakasiyana masisitimu emotokari yemazuva ano:
● Speedometer - kuyera uye kuratidza kukurumidza kufamba kwemazuva ano uye chinhambwe chafambwa (uchishandisa odometer);
● Injection, ignition uye mamwe maitiro ejini - kugadzirisa maitiro ekushanda kwechikwata chemagetsi, zvichienderana nekumhanya kwemotokari uye kuchinja kwayo (panguva yekuwedzera uye braking);
● Kuchengetedza kunoshanda uye maaramu masisitimu - kugadzirisa kumhanya uye trajectory yemotokari munzira dzakasiyana siyana, yambiro yemamiriro angangoita njodzi, nezvimwewo;
● Mune dzimwe motokari - simba rekufambisa uye nyaradzo masisitimu.
Iyo DSA, seyechinyakare tambo dhiraivha yeanomhanya, yakaiswa pagiya bhokisi, yekufambisa kesi kana dhiraivha axle gearbox, ichiteedzera angular velocity yechipiri kana yepakati shaft.Ruzivo rwakagamuchirwa kubva kune sensor muchimiro chemagetsi masaini anotumirwa kune inomhanyisa controller kana zvakananga kune Speedometer.Hunhu hwezviratidzo zvakagadzirwa uye nzira dzekubatanidza / kubatanidza masensa nemagetsi emotokari zvinoenderana nemhando dzavo, dhizaini uye nheyo yekushanda.Izvi zvinoda kutsanangurwa zvakadzama.
Kushanda, mhando, dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda kwema sensors ekumhanya
Yekumhanyisa masensa, zvisinei nerudzi uye dhizaini, inogadzira masaini anogona kutumirwa zvakananga kune inomhanya kana kune injini controller uye yakabatana yemagetsi control unit.Muchiitiko chekutanga, sensor inoshandiswa chete kuona kuona kumhanya kwemotokari.Muchiitiko chechipiri, iyo data inoshandiswa nemagetsi emotokari kudzora injini uye mamwe masisitimu, uye chiratidzo kune Speedometer chinodyiswa kubva kumutongi.Pamotokari dzemazuva ano, nzira yechipiri yekubatanidza inowedzera kushandiswa.
Kuyera kumhanya neDSA kuri nyore.Iyo sensor inogadzira chiratidzo chekupuruzira (kazhinji rectangular muchimiro), umo iyo pulse kudzokorora chiyero zvinoenderana nekumhanya kwekutenderera kwe shaft uye, maererano nekumhanya kwemota.Mazhinji masensa emazuva ano anoburitsa kubva 2000 kusvika 25000 pulses pakiromita, asi anonyanya kushandiswa mwero ndeye 6000 pulses pakiromita (yekuonana sensors - 6 pulses per revolution ye rotor yavo).Nokudaro, kuyerwa kwekukurumidza kunoderedzwa kusvika pakuverenga nemutongi wekudzokorora kwehuwandu hwemhepo inobva kuDSA pane imwe nguva yenguva, uye kushandurwa kwekukosha uku mu km / h kunonzwisisika kwatiri.
Speed sensor dzakakamurwa kuita mapoka makuru maviri:
● Inotyairwa zvakananga neshaft, kana kubata;
● Kusabatika.
Kuisa yekuonana nekumhanyisa sensor pane gearbox
Boka rekutanga rinosanganisira masensa kune torque kubva kune giya bhokisi shaft, axle kana yekuchinjisa kesi inofambiswa nenzira yedhiraivha giya uye inochinjika simbi tambo (kana pfupi yakaomesesa shaft).Iyo sensor inopa chigadziro chinoverenga kutenderera kweangular ye shaft uye kuchishandura kuita magetsi emagetsi.Sensors yerudzi urwu inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, sezvo inogona kuiswa panzvimbo yekufambisa kwe mechanical speedometer (iyo inokubvumira kuvandudza motokari dzekare pasina mari yakawedzerwa) uye inovimbika zvikuru.
Non-contact speed sensor master dial
Boka rechipiri rinosanganisira masensa asina kutarisana zvakananga neshaft inotenderera.Kuyera kumhanya kwema sensors akadaro, chigadziriso chekubatsira chinoiswa pane shaft - master disc kana rotor.Zvishandiso zvisingabatanidzi zviri kuramba zvichinyanya kufarirwa, zvinoiswa pane akawanda emazuva ano emota dzepamba.
Masensa ese anoshanda pane akasiyana masimboti emuviri.Mumidziyo yekubata, iyo Horo mhedzisiro uye magnetoresistive athari (MRE), pamwe neoptocouplers (optoelectronic pairs), inowanzoshandiswa.Pamwoyo weasiri-anobatika masensa, iyo Horo mhedzisiro inonyanya kushandiswa, uye zvishoma kazhinji MRE.Dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda kwemhando yega yega sensor inotsanangurwa pazasi.
Bata masensa anoenderana neHoro maitiro
Sensors dzerudzi urwu dzinobva paHoro mhedzisiro: kana kondakita yakatsetseka, kuburikidza nemativi maviri akatarisana ayo akananga ikozvino inopfuudzwa, akaiswa mune remagineti, ipapo magetsi emagetsi anomuka kune mamwe mativi akatarisana.Pakati pemwoyo weDSA pane Horo chip, umo chidimbu (chinowanzo gadzirwa nepermalloy) uye dunhu reamplifier zvakatobatanidzwa.Mune sensors, iyo microcircuit uye magineti inoramba yakamira, uye shanduko mundima yemagineti inoitwa nekuda kwe "keteni" rinotenderera - mhete ine slots.Mhete yakabatana netambo yekutyaira kana shaft, kubva kwairi kugamuchira kutenderera.Chiratidzo chinobuda kubva kuDSA chinotumirwa kune Speedometer kana controller kuburikidza neyakajairwa chinongedzo, kuburikidza iyo simba rinopihwa kuHoro chip.
Non-contact sensors zvichienderana neHoro maitiro
DSA isingabatanidzi yakavakirwa pamhedzisiro imwechete, asi hapana zvikamu zvinofamba mairi - pachinzvimbo, rotor kana pulse dhisiki ine zvikamu zvine magnetized iri pane shaft yeyuniti (giya bhokisi, axle gearbox).Pane chidimbu chidiki pakati pechikamu chakaoma che sensor (ine Horo chip) uye rotor, kana rotor ichitenderera, chiratidzo chepulse chinogadzirwa mu microcircuit, iyo inotumirwa kumutongi kuburikidza neyakajairwa yekubatanidza.
Scheme yekushanda kweasina kuonana nekumhanyisa sensor
Bata ma sensors anoenderana neiyo magnetoresistive maitiro
Speed sensor dhizaini ine magnetoresistive chinhu
Iyi mhando yeDSA yakavakirwa pane magnetoresistive mhedzisiro - iyo pfuma yezvimwe zvinhu kuti ichinje yavo yemagetsi kuramba kana yaiswa mune remagineti.Masensa akadaro akafanana neHall sensors, asi anoshandisa machipisi ane yakasanganiswa magnetoresistive element (MRE) yakavakirwa pane semiconductor zvinhu.Kazhinji, masensa aya ane dhiraivha yakananga, shanduko mune iyo magineti inoitwa nekutenderedza mhete yakawanda-pole magineti, iyo inogadzirwa chiratidzo inopihwa kune controller kuburikidza neyakajairwa yekubatanidza (kuburikidza neiyo magetsi eiyo microcircuit ne. MRE inopiwa).
Optoelectronic contact sensors
Aya maDSA ndiwo akareruka mukugadzira, asi haana kusimba uye ane inrtial kupfuura ayo anotsanangurwa pamusoro.Iyo sensor yakavakirwa pane optocoupler - iyo LED uye phototransistor, pakati payo pane dhisiki ine slots yakabatana kune drive shaft.Kana dhisiki ichitenderera, iyo inopenya inopenya pakati pe LED neiyo phototransistor inodzorwa nguva nenguva, izvi zvinokanganisa zvinokwidziridzwa uye zvinotumirwa kune controller muchimiro chechiratidzo chepulse.
Optoelectronic speed sensor design
Maitiro ekusarudza uye kutsiva iyo chaiyo yekumhanyisa sensor
Iyo yakashata yekumhanyisa sensor mumotokari yemazuva ano inogona kukonzeresa matambudziko akasiyana - kubva pakurasikirwa kwedata pakumhanya kwekufamba uye chinhambwe chafambwa (speedometer uye odometer kumira kushanda), kusvika pakukanganiswa kweiyo magetsi unit (isina kugadzikana idling, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwemafuta, kurasikirwa kwesimba), simba rekufambisa uye kuchengetedza masisitimu.Naizvozvo, kana DSA ikaputsika, inofanira kutsiviwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.
Kuti utsive, iwe unofanirwa kutora chete sensor yaive pamotokari kare, kana kushandisa zvishandiso kubva pakati peizvo zvinokurudzirwa neautomaker.Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinokwanisika kusarudza "asiri chizvarwa" DSA, asi kazhinji izvi hazvibviri - sensor kana haina kuwira munzvimbo, kana kupa kuverenga kwakashata panguva yekuiswa.Naizvozvo, kuyedza nekusarudzwa kweDSA kunofanirwa kushandiswa chete mumamiriro akanyanya.
Kutsiviwa kwe sensor kunoitwa zvinoenderana nemirairo yeiyi mota (kana gearbox, axle kana yekuchinjisa kesi).Yakananga dhiraivha DSAs kazhinji ine turnkey shinda uye hexagon (asi kwete nguva dzose - zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvine mhete ine transverse corrugation), saka kutsiva ivo kunouya pasi kudzima mudziyo wekare uye screwing mune imwe nyowani.Non-contact sensors inowanzobatanidzwa neine imwe kana maviri screws (mabhaudhi) akarukwa kuburikidza negomba muflange.Muzviitiko zvese, basa rese rinofanirwa kuitwa neiyo terminal yakabviswa mubhatiri, usati wabvisa sensor, zvinodikanwa kudzima chinongedzo chemagetsi, uye usati waisa imwe nyowani, chenesa nzvimbo yekuiswa kwayo.
Izvo zvakanyanya kuoma kutsiva rotor yeasina kuonana sensors - nekuda kweizvi zvinodikanwa kuparadzanisa chikamu chikamu (bhokisi, bhiriji), uye wozoita basa rekugadzirisa zvinoenderana nemirairo.
Nekusarudzwa kwakaringana uye kutsiva kwekumhanyisa sensor, iyo yekumhanyisa uye akasiyana masisitimu emota (kusanganisira injini) anobva atanga kushanda.Mune ramangwana, DSA ichave yakachengeteka uye yakasununguka kushanda kwemotokari.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-12-2023