Mune chero piston mukati mejini inopisa pane chikamu chinobatanidza piston kumusoro wepamusoro wetsvimbo yekubatanidza - piston piston.Zvese nezve piston mapini, magadzirirwo adzo uye nzira dzekuisa, pamwe nekusarudzwa kwakaringana nekutsiviwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzepini zvinotsanangurwa zvakadzama muchinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi piston pin
Piston piston (PP) chikamu cheboka repiston rejini inopisa mukati;simbi hollow cylinder, nerubatsiro rwepiston uye tsvimbo yekubatanidza inosungirirwa.
Mukudzoreredza injini dzinopisa dzemukati, kutapurirana uye kushandurwa kwemasimba anobva mukupisa kwemafuta-mhepo musanganiswa mucylinder inoitwa neboka repiston uye crank mechanism.Zvikamu zvikuru zveaya masisitimu zvinosanganisira pisitoni netambo yekubatanidza ine hinge joint, nekuda kweiyo zvinokwanisika kutsausa yekubatanidza tsvimbo axis kubva papiston axis kana iri pakati pekumusoro nepasi kwakafa nzvimbo (TDC neTDC).Iyo hinge yekubatanidza yepiston uye yekubatanidza tsvimbo inoshandiswa uchishandisa chikamu chiri nyore - piston piston.
Iyo piston piston inogadzirisa maviri akakosha mabasa:
● Inoita sehinji pakati pepistoni uye tsvimbo yekubatanidza;
● Inopa kuendeswa kwemasimba uye torques kubva padanda rekubatanidza kune piston paunenge uchitanga injini uye kubva papiston kusvika kune tsvimbo yekubatanidza apo injini iri kushanda.
Ndokunge, iyo PP haingobatanidzi piston uye tsvimbo yekubatanidza mune imwechete sisitimu (iyo inosanganisirawo crankshaft), asi zvakare kazhinji inovimbisa kurongeka kwekushanda kweboka repiston uye injini crank mechanism.Naizvozvo, chero kusashanda kana kupfeka kwemunwe kunokanganisa kushanda kweiyo yese simba unit, inoda kukurumidza kugadziriswa.Asi usati watenga piston mitsva yepiston, unofanirwa kunzwisisa dhizaini yavo uye mamwe maficha.
Mhando, mudziyo uye hunhu hwepiston piston
Ese anoshandiswa piston mapini ane dhizaini yakafanana: kazhinji, isimbi isina simbi ine madziro akatetepa akaiswa mumabhosi episton uye wepamusoro tsvimbo yekubatanidza musoro.Pamigumo yepini, machamfers (kunze uye emukati) anobviswa, ayo anovimbisa kuisirwa nyore kwechikamu mupiston kana yekubatanidza tsvimbo, uye zvakare kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kune zvimwe zvikamu kana ukangoerekana wasangana nazvo.
Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekubatsira zvinogona kuitwa muminwe:
● Kuunza masvingo emukati mukoni kubva pakati kusvika kunze kuitira kurerutsa chigunwe uchichengetedza simba rayo;
● Mabhanhire emabhandi emukati mukati mechikamu chemunwe kuti uomese;
● Lateral transverse maburi ekugadzirisa kwakasimba kwepini mubhosi wepiston.
Mapini episton anogadzirwa neakapfava dhizaini kabhoni (15, 20, 45 uye mamwe) uye mamwe alloyed (kazhinji chromium 20X, 40X, 45X, 20HNZA uye mamwe) masimbi.Iyo yekunze yepamusoro uye bhandi diki pamagumo ezvikamu zvakagadzirwa nesimbi dzakapfava zvinopiswa uye kudzimwa kusvika pakadzika 1.5 mm kusvika kuomarara kwe55-62 HRC kwasvika (apo iyo yemukati layer ine kuoma mukati meiyo 22- 30 HRC).Zvikamu zvakagadzirwa nepakati kabhoni simbi zvinowanzoomeswa nepamusoro-frequency currents.Mushure mekupisa kupisa, nzvimbo yekunze yePP inoiswa pasi pekukuya.Kuomeswa kwechikamu kunopa kupikisa kwakanyanya kwekunze kwayo kupfeka, nepo viscosity yezvikamu zvemukati zvemadziro inochengetedza kugona kwemunwe kutsungirira mitoro yekuvhunduka uye kudengenyeka.Kukuya pamusoro kunobvisa nzvimbo dzine njodzi dzinonetsa, izvo panguva yekushanda kweinjini zvinogona kutungamira mukukwesha, kuomesa kana kuparadzwa kwezvikamu.
Yakajairika piston dhizaini ine yekubatanidza tsvimbo
Sezvatoratidzwa, piston yepiston iri mupiston uye pamusoro wepamusoro wetsvimbo yekubatanidza, inobatanidza zvikamu izvi mune imwe nzira.Mune piston yechikamu ichi kune maviri ekuwedzera ane maburi anochinjika - mabhosi.Pane maviri dhizaini sarudzo dzehinge pakati pepiston netambo yekubatanidza:
● Nemunwe "unoyerera";
● Nemunwe wakadzvinyirirwa mudanda rekubatanidza.
Chechipiri chirongwa chinonyanya kushandiswa: mune iyi kesi, PP inotsikirirwa kumusoro (chimwe-chidimbu) musoro wetambo yekubatanidza, iyo inodzivirira iyo axial kusimuka, uye mune mabhosi episton inowanikwa neimwe gap. , iyo inoita kuti zvikwanisike kushandura piston hama nePP panguva yekushanda kwechikwata chemagetsi mune zvose modes.Zvakare, gaka rinopa kudzosa kwezvikamu zvekukwesha (kunyangwe nekuda kwekapu kadiki, chigunwe uye nzvimbo dzemabhosi mukusangana nazvo zvinogara zvichishanda mune isina kukwana lubrication mode).Ichi chirongwa chakashandiswa pamotokari dzepamba VAZ-2101, 2105, 2108, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamhando dzemazuva ano dzekugadzirwa kwekunze.
Iyo "inoyangarara" munwe chirongwa chakanyanya kuoma, sezvo iine akati wandei ebetsero zvikamu.Muchirongwa ichi, PP ine gap diki inoiswa mumativi ese maviri - mune ese mabhosi episton uye mumusoro wekubatanidza tsvimbo musoro, izvi zvinogonesa kutenderera kwayo kwemahara panguva yekushanda kweinjini.Kudzivirira axial kusimuka kwemunwe, zvindori zvekuchengetedza zvechitubu zvinoshandiswa, zviri mhiri kwemakomba mumabhosi - zvinoshanda sezvimbo zvePP, zvichidzivirira kuti isadonha.Mhete dzinogona kugadzirwa newaya yechitubu ine denderedzwa muchinjikwa-chikamu kana yakadhindwa kubva pashizha resimbi.Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, zvikamu zvine rectangular cross-section, uye maburi echigadzirwa anopiwa kumativi ose maviri kuitira nyore kuisa uye kubvisa zvindori.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuvhara fungi kana mapulagi anoshandiswa, anogadzirwa nesimbi yakapfava, saka haaparadze cylinder mirror kana asangana nayo.Mapulagi anoshandiswa mumajini maviri-stroke ane humwe hurongwa hwekupinza uye kupera kwemahwindo, kudzivirira gasi risingadiwi kuyerera pakati pavo.Dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa kugadzirisa chikamu chine screwed muchikamu chezasi chebhosi uye mugomba pamagumo ePP.
Yakagadziriswa uye inoyangarara piston piston
PP, zvisinei neiyo nzira yekuisirwa kwayo, inogona kunge iine kutama kune axis yepiston, inosvika imwe nehafu kana kupfuura mamirimita.Kutamiswa uku kune chinangwa chekudzikisa mitoro ine simba iyo piston, PP uye yekubatanidza tsvimbo musoro inoiswa panguva yeTDC neTDC.Iyo piston mukufamba kwayo kuenda kuTDC uye kuTDC inotsikirirwa kune rumwe madziro ecylinder, izvo zvinotungamira zvakare mukutsikirirwa kwePP kunopesana nemadziro mamwe maburi mukati mevashandi.Nekuda kweizvozvo, kune masimba anoita kuti zviome kutenderedza PP muzvikamu zvekusangana, uye kana ichipfuura TDC neTDC, kutendeuka kunogona kuitika kamwe kamwe - izvi zvinoitika nekurova, kunoratidzwa nekugogodza kwehunhu.Izvi zvinhu zvinonyatso kubviswa nekuisa PP mupiston ine imwe axis kusimuka.
Nzira yekusarudza uye kutsiva piston piston
Munguva yekushanda kweinjini, kunyanya mukuchinjanisa modes, zvigunwe zvinoiswa pasi pemitoro yakakosha, inopera, inogona kuremara uye inoda kutsiviwa.Kudiwa kwekutsiva zvigunwe kunoratidzwa nekuderera kwekumanikidza uye kuderera kwemaitiro ane simba einjini, ayo anowedzera kuratidzwa nekugogodza kwehunhu.
Kugadziriswa kwechikwata chemagetsi munyaya iyi kunoderedzwa kusvika pakutsiviwa kweminwe, uye dzimwe nguva zvikamu zvekubatanidza - kubatanidza tsvimbo musoro bushings muhurongwa ne "floating" PP, zvindori nezvimwe.Kusarudzwa kweminwe mitsva uye zvimwe zvikamu zvinoitwa maererano nekugadzirisa zviyero.Semuenzaniso, kune akawanda edzimba injini, zvikamu zvezvitatu zvekugadzirisa zvinopiwa zvikamu zvakasiyana ne0.004 mm (somuenzaniso, injini yeVAZ inowanzoshandisa pini nehupamhi hwe 21.970-21.974 mm (1st category), 21.974-21.978 mm (2nd category). uye 21.978-21.982 mm (chikamu chechitatu)).Izvi zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kusarudza mapini emadhayamita akasiyana, tichifunga nezvekuwedzera kwemadhayamita emakomba muzvikamu zvekusangana nekuda kwekupfeka uye kunotevera kufinha.Boring inogara ichiitirwa zviyero zvakafanana zvekugadzirisa, uye kana kupfeka kwezvikamu kwakapfuura mitsara yakatarwa, zvino inofanirwa kutsiviwa.
Sezvo mutemo, zvigunwe zvinotengeswa mumaseti (2, 4 kana zvimwe zvidimbu), dzimwe nguva pamwe chete nekuchengetedza zvindori uye zvimwe zvikamu.
Piston mapini emhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye nzira dzekugadzirisa kwavo mupiston
Paunenge uchigadzirisa boka repiston ne "floating" pini, hapana chikonzero chekushandisa midziyo yakakosha - kuiswa kwezvikamu mumabhosi uye kubatanidza tsvimbo musoro kunoitwa nemaoko.Kana chigunwe chikachinjwa nekugadzirisa mudanda rekubatanidza, saka unofanirwa kushandisa chigadziro chakakosha chekutsikirira nekutsikirira PP (mune iyo yakareruka, aya anogona kunge ari mabhushi netsvimbo, asi nyanzvi dzinoshandisa michina yakaoma yakaoma yakafanana neipi. )
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuiswa kwe "inotenderera" PP mumabhosi kunoitwawo mukukanganisa, nekuda kweizvi piston inopisa mumvura kana imwe mvura kusvika 55-70 ° C isati yaiswa.Icho chokwadi ndechekuti aluminium piston inowedzera nekukurumidza kupfuura pini yesimbi, saka pane injini isina kupisa, mukaha pakati pezvikamu unowedzera uye kugogodza kunoonekwa.Paunenge uchiisa iyo PP mukukanganisa, gaka rinoitika chete kana mota ichidziya, iyo inodzivirira kukanganisa kwezvikamu uye, maererano, kugogodza.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti basa rekutsiva piston piston rinoda kwakakosha disassembly yeinjini, saka zviri nani kuzviita neruzivo rwakakodzera kana kuvimba nenyanzvi.Izvo chete nekusarudzwa kwakakodzera kweminwe uye kugadzirisa kwakakodzera, boka repiston richashanda rakavimbika uye rinobudirira, rinoita kuti rive nekushanda kwepamusoro kwechikwata chemagetsi.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-11-2023