Mumotokari zhinji dzine mavhiri, mavhiri anobatwa nehabhu inotsamira paekisero kuburikidza nemabhengi chaiwo.Verenga zvese nezve hub bearings, mhando dzadzo dziripo, magadzirirwo, maficha ekushanda uye kushanda, pamwe nekusarudzwa kwakaringana nekutsiviwa kwezvikamu izvi muchinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi hub bearing?
Hub kutakura (wheel bearing) - undercarriage assembly (wheel suspension) yemotokari dzine mavhiri;Iyo inotenderera inotakura yeimwe dhizaini kana imwe, iyo inopa kubatana, kurongeka uye kutenderera kwemahara kwevhiri hub pane axle.
Iro vhiri rinotakura mabasa akawanda:
● Kuve nechokwadi chekutenderera kwehubhu pane axle (trunnion) nekuderedza kwemasimba ekurwisana;
● Mechanical connection yehubhu ine axle (trunnion) kana gumbo rekutungamirira;
● Kuisa pakati pehubhu pane axis;
● Kuparadzirwa kwemasimba emagetsi uye lateral uye torques inotapurirwa kubva pavhiri kuburikidza nehubhu kusvika kune axle uye kumiswa kwemotokari, uye kune rumwe rutivi;
● Kuburutsa maekisero emugero wedhiraivha - vhiri haribatiki paaxle shaft, asi rinogara pachidhiraivho, trunnion kana axle danda.
Mavhiri mavhiri anoshandiswa kukwirisa hubs eese mavhiri emota nemarori, mabhazi, matirakita uye zvimwe midziyo, mavhiri anodhiraivha ematirakita emakirasi madiki ekudhonza (kazhinji mukati mawo mavhiri ekumashure akabatana zvakasimba kune axle shafts), pamwe chete. mumamota-mavhiri emota dzine electromechanical transmission.Iyo hub inotakura ndiyo inonyanya kukosha kune chassis yemotokari, saka kana paine chero kusashanda, inofanira kutsiviwa.Asi usati watenga kutenga bearing, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise marudzi ayo, magadzirirwo uye maitiro.
Mhando, dhizaini uye maficha ehub bearings
Rolling bearings inoshandiswa kuisa hubs pane axles, iyo, ine simba guru uye kuvimbika, inopa kuderedzwa kwakanyanya kwemasimba ekukwevera.Kazhinji, dhizaini yekubereka iri nyore: idzi zvindori zviviri - zvekunze uye zvemukati - pakati payo pane nhevedzano yezvinhu zvinotenderera zvakavharirwa mucheji (mesh yakagadzirwa nesimbi kana epurasitiki inovimbisa nzvimbo chaiyo yezvinhu zvinotenderedza. )Nzvimbo yemukati yakazadzwa nemafuta, mapeji ari pakati pezvindori akavharwa nemavhavha ekudzivirira kuputika kwemafuta uye kusvibiswa kwemukati wekutakura.Kugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzekutakura kunogona kusiyana, sezvinotsanangurwa pasi apa.
Mavhiri mavhiri anoiswa maererano nedhizaini uye rolling zvinhu zvinoshandiswa, pamwe negwara remutoro unoonekwa.
Zvinoenderana nemitumbi yekutenderera inoshandiswa, mabearings ndeaya:
● Bhora - kukunguruka kunoitika pamabhora esimbi;
● Roller - rolling inoitwa pane conical rollers.
Panguva imwecheteyo, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yezvinhu zvinoputika, mabheya akakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri:
● Mutsara mumwe;
● Mitsara miviri.
Muchiitiko chekutanga, pane imwe mutsara wemabhora kana rollers pakati pezvindori, mune yechipiri - mitsara miviri imwe neimwe.
Zvinoenderana neyakajairwa mutoro wekutungamira kwavari, hub mabearings ndeaya:
● Radial-thrust;
● Radial-thrust self-aligning.
Angular yekubata mabhengi inotora masimba anonangidzirwa ese ari maviri mhiri kweaxis (pamwe neradius) uye pamwe nayo.Izvi zvinogonesa kushanda kwakajairwa kwekutakura, zvisinei nechimiro chekufamba kwemavhiri - kungave kuzununguka mundege yakatwasuka (kana uchityaira mumigwagwa isina kuenzana), kana kutsauka kwevhiri kubva paaxis refu (kutendeuka kweanotungamira). mavhiri, lateral mitoro pamavhiri pakukunda radii kana pakutyaira nemateru, mativi anokanganisa pamavhiri, nezvimwewo).
Nekuda kwedhizaini, mabhengi anozvigadzirisa anotsiva kumwe kusarongeka kweaxle uye hub, kuderedza kusimba kwekupfeka kwezvikamu.
Zvimiro, mabearings emhando dzakakurukurwa pamusoro apa akasiyana.
One-row tapered angular contact bearings.Izvo zvinosanganisira zvindori zviviri, pakati peiyo conical rollers sandwiched, inoparadzaniswa neinoparadzanisa.Nzvimbo yemukati yekutakura yakazadzwa nemafuta, inodzivirirwa kubva pakuvhara uye kubuda kuburikidza neO-ring.Chikamu cherudzi urwu hachina kupatsanurwa.
Double-row angular contact ball bearings uye self-aligning bearings.Izvo zvinosanganisira zvindori zviviri zvakafara, pakati peiyo mitsara miviri yemabhora akazununguka, akaparadzaniswa neyakajairwa separator.Self-aligning bearings, nekuda kwechimiro chakakosha chemukati wezvindori zvezvindori, zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kushandura mitsara yemabhora maererano neaxle ye trunnion.Mabhengi akajairwa emhando iyi haana kupatsanurwa, anozvigadzirisa - anogona kunge asina kupatsanurwa kana kuputsika.
Double-row angular contact roller bearings.Vane dhizaini yakafanana neyekare.Kazhinji, iyo conical rollers yemutsara wega wega ane girazi kuronga - chikamu chakafara cheiyo rollers kunze.Ichi chinzvimbo chinovimbisa kugovaniswa kwemitoro uye kurongeka kwezvikamu.Mabearings emhando iyi haana kupatsanurwa.
Pakupedzisira, mavhiri mavhiri akakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwawo:
● Mabhengi ega;
● Mabearings akabatanidzwa kuita chimwe chinhu chine hubhu.
Hub ine yakasanganiswa kaviri-mutsara bhora rinozvigadzirisa
Rudzi rwekutanga ndeye mabhengi akajairwa, anogona kuiswa uye kubviswa pasina kutsiva mamwe mating.Rudzi rwechipiri mabhengi akabatanidzwa muhubhu yevhiri, saka haagone kutsiviwa zvakasiyana.
Kuiswa nzvimbo uye kushandiswa kwemavhiri mabhengi
Hub mabearings akakamurwa kuita akati wandei mapoka zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekuisa uye kushanda:
● Mabearings emahubs emavhiri anodhiraivha (kumberi-mavhiri nemota dzese-mavhiri);
● Mabearings emahubs emavhiri anodhiraivha (mota dzinodhonza kumashure);
● Mabearings emahubs emavhiri asina kutyaira (mberi-wheel drive vehicles, pamwe chete nefour-axle mota dzine tsigiro dzisiri dzekutyaira);
● Mabearings emahubs ekutyaira asingadzoreki mavhiri (rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive cars).
Mamwe marudzi emabhengi anoshandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzeaxles uye hubs:
● Munzvimbo dzemavhiri anodhiraivha emotokari dzinotakura vanhu - bhora rine mitsara miviri kana kuti roller bearings;
● Munzvimbo dzekutyaira dzisingadzoreki uye mavhiri emotokari dzinotakura vanhu - zvose zviri zviviri bhora rine mitsara miviri kana kuti maroller bearings (mumotokari zhinji dzemazuva ano), uye mabhengi maviri akarembera (mumotokari dzakawanda dzekutanga kuburitswa, kusanganisira dzepamba);
● Munzvimbo dzemavhiri ose e-all-wheel drive ne-rear-wheel drive motokari dzekutengeserana nemarori, mabhazi, matirakita nemimwe midziyo (nezvimwe zvisingawanzoitiki) kune mabheji maviri ane tapered.
Kuiswa kwemabhearings kunoitwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana.Pamavhiri ekumashure emotokari dzinotakura vanhu, hub inotakura inoiswa patrunnion, uye hubhu pachayo kana chigubhu chebhureki inoiswa parin'i yayo yekunze.Zvakafanana zvikamu zvemarori uye kumashure-mavhiri dhiraivha mota dzine dhizaini yakafanana, asi pano maviri mabheji akaiswa paaxle.Pamavhiri epamberi emotokari dzemotokari dzinotakura vanhu, kutakura kunoiswa mubato rekutungamirira, uye hubhu inosungirirwa mumhete yemukati yekutakura.
Dhizaini yekusangana kwehub yemavhiri ekumashure emota dzemberi-mavhiri
Nyaya dzekusarudza, kutsiva uye kuchengetedza hub inobereka
Mavhiri mavhiri anoiswa pasi pemitoro yakakwira, saka anowanzo kukurumidza kupfeka uye kuputsika.Mumamiriro ezvinhu apo kune hum hwemabheya, kubatwa kwemotokari kunoparara, kune kusadzivirika kusingadzivisiki shure kwehubhu uye kupisa kwemagungano ehubhu kunoonekwa, mabheji anofanira kuongororwa.Kana akaonekwa kuti akasakara kana kuputsika, anofanira kutsiviwa.
Mabearings emhando uye nhamba dzekabhuku dzakamboiswa dzinofanirwa kusarudzwa kuti dzitsive.Hazvikurudzirwi kushandura rudzi rwemavhiri kutakura, sezvo izvi zvinogona kuchinja maitiro echasi zvisingatarisirwi.Kunyanya kutarisisa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune kusarudzwa kwetapered mabearings akaiswa ari maviri - mune dzimwe nguva anogona kutsiviwa akazvimirira kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, mune zvimwe zviitiko chete paired kutsiva kunogoneka.Uye kana motokari ikashandisa hubs ane mabheji akabatanidzwa, ipapo iwe uchafanira kutenga gungano rose regungano - kutsiva kwakasiyana kwemabhengi mavari hazvigoneki.
Mavhiri mavhiri anofanira kutsiviwa uye kugadziriswa maererano nemirayiridzo yekugadzirisa yemotokari iyi (bhazi, terekta), uye zvino zvakakosha kuita matanho ekugadzirisa anotsanangurwa mumirairo yezvikamu izvi.Kana ukafunga kuita kutsiva iwe pachako, iwe unofanirwa kuchengetera pane yakakosha chishandiso chekutsikirira uye kudzvanya mabheji, zvikasadaro basa iri haringagoneki.
Nekusarudzwa kwakakodzera uye kutsiva, pamwe nekugadzirisa nguva dzose kwemavhiri mavhiri, chassis yemotokari inoshanda zvakajairika mumamiriro ese emakumi ezviuru emakiromita.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-05-2023