Marori uye midziyo inorema yakasiyana-siyana inoshandisa pneumatically inoshanda mabhureki masisitimu, ayo anodzorwa nevharuvhu yebhureki.Verenga zvese nezve mabhureki mavharuvhu, mhando dzawo, dhizaini uye mashandiro, pamwe nesarudzo chaiyo uye kutsiva kwechikamu ichi mune ino chinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi brake valve?
Brake valve - iyo inodzora chinhu cheiyo brake system yemotokari ine pneumatic drive;pneumatic valve inotyairwa nebrake pedal, iyo inopa mweya wakamanikidzwa kune actuators (mabhureki chamber) uye zvimwe zvikamu zvehurongwa panguva yekubhureki.
Pamarori uye dzimwe mota dzine mavhiri, pneumatically inotyairwa braking masisitimu anonyanya kushandiswa, ayo ari epamusoro mukubudirira uye kuvimbika kune hydraulic masisitimu.Kudzora kwezvikamu zvehurongwa kunoitwa nemidziyo yakakosha - mavharuvhu uye mavharuvhu.Imwe yemabasa akakosha muiyo pneumatic system inotambwa nevhavhavhavha, kuburikidza iyo mabhureki evhiri anodzorwa.
Iyo brake valve inoita akati wandei mabasa:
● Kuve nechokwadi chekupihwa kwemhepo yakamanikidzwa kumakamuri emabhureki kana zvichidikanwa kuita mabhureki;
● Kupa "brake pedal feeling" (hukama hwakaenzana pakati pechiyero chekuputika kwemotokari uye simba pane pedal, iyo inobvumira mutyairi kunyatsoongorora maitiro ekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa izvi);
● Mavharuvhu maviri-chikamu - kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakajairika kwedunhu rimwe kana mhepo inodonha mune imwe.
Iko nerubatsiro rwevhavhavha yebhureki iyo brake system inodzorwa mune ese mafambiro ekutyaira, saka iyi unit yakakosha zvakanyanya kune yakajairika kushanda kwemotokari.Crane yakashata inofanirwa kugadziriswa kana kutsiviwa, uye nekuda kwechisarudzo chayo zvakakosha kuti unzwisise marudzi aripo, dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda kwemidziyo iyi.
Mhando, dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda kwevhavhavhavhavha
Mabhureki mavharuvhu anoshandiswa pamotokari akakamurwa kuita mapoka makuru maviri zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezvikamu zvekutonga:
- Single-section;
- Zvikamu zviviri.
Brake valve ine pedal
Makareni echikamu chimwe chete anoiswa pamotokari dzisingashandiswe nematirailer ane mabhureki emhepo.Ndiko kuti, crane iyi inopa kutonga chete kweiyo braking system yemotokari.Zvikamu-zvikamu zviviri macranes anoshandiswa pamotokari dzinoshandiswa nematrailer / semi-trailer ane air brake system.Crane yakadaro inopa kutonga kwemabhureki etirakita uye turera kubva kune imwe pedal.
Nekudaro, maviri-chikamu cranes akakamurwa kuita marudzi maviri zvichienderana nenzvimbo uye nzira yekudzora zvikamu:
● Iine lever control yechikamu chega chega - dhiraivha inoitwa uchishandisa marevheti maviri ane hinged ane dhiraivha imwe chete nekusundidzira kubva pabhureki pedal, mumudziyo uyu zvikamu zvinozvimiririra (zvisina kubatana kune mumwe nemumwe);
● Netsvimbo yakajairika yezvikamu zviviri - dhiraivha yezvikamu zvose zviri zviviri inoitwa netsvimbo imwe, iyo inotungamirirwa nebhureki pedal, muchigadzirwa ichi chimwe chikamu chinogona kudzora kushanda kwechipiri.
Dhizaini uye nheyo yekushanda kwemavharuvhu ese akanyanya kufanana, uye misiyano iri mune izvo zvinotsanangurwa pazasi.
Chikamu checrane chine zvinhu zvakati wandei: iyo actuator, chishandiso chekutevera, mavharuvhu ekutora uye ekupera simba.Zvose zvikamu zvakaiswa muchiitiko chakafanana, chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri: mune chimwe chikamu, kutaurirana nemhepo, kune motokari uye chigadziro chekutevera;Muchikamu chechipiri, chakabatanidzwa nemagetsi kune anogamuchira (vanogamuchira) uye mutsara wekamuri yebhureki, mavharuvhu ekutora uye ekupera akaiswa pane imwe tsvimbo anowanikwa.Zvikamu zvemuviri zvakaparadzaniswa ne elastic (rabha kana rubberized) diaphragm, inova chikamu chemudziyo wekutevera.The actuator isystem yemalevers kana push lever yakabatana nebrake pedal netsvimbo.
Chishandiso chekutevera chakabatana zvakananga nevhavhavha drive uye brake pedal, ine tsvimbo uye chitubu (kana piston yeimwe gadziriso), kuguma kwetsvimbo iri pamusoro pechigaro chinofambiswa chevhavha yekupedza - a chubhu yakaiswa mugirazi, iyo, zvakare, inozorora kurwisa diaphragm.Pane gomba mugirazi rinopa kutaurirana pakati pechikamu chechipiri chemuviri nemhepo.Mavharuvhu ekutora uye ekupera anogadzirwa nenzira yemakoni erubha kana zvindori zvinozorora pazvigaro zvavo.
Iyo brake valve inoshanda zviri nyore.Kana iyo pedal inosunungurwa, mavharuvhu anorongwa nenzira yekuti mutsara wekugamuchira unovharwa, uye mutsara wekamuri yebhureki unotaurirana nemhepo - munzvimbo iyi bhureki system haishande.Kana iyo brake pedal ichidzvanywa, mudziyo wekutevera unova nechokwadi chekuti vheji yekuburitsa inovhara uye vharafu yekupinza inovhura panguva imwe chete, nepo mhango yevharuvhu ine mavharuvhu ichibviswa kubva mumhepo.Munzvimbo iyi, mhepo yakamanikidzwa kubva kune vanogamuchira inoyerera kuburikidza nemavharuvhu kuenda kumakamuri emabhureki - braking inoitwa.Kana mutyairi akamisa pedal mune chero chinzvimbo, kumanikidza mumuviri wecrane, iyo yakabviswa kubva mumhepo, inowedzera nekukurumidza, chitubu chemudziyo wekutevera chinotsikirirwa, chigaro chevhavha yekubuda chinosimuka, chinotungamira kuvharwa kwekutora. vharafu - mhepo kubva kune vanogamuchira inorega kuyerera kumakamuri ekubhureka.Nekudaro, iyo yekupedza vharafu haina kuvhurika, saka kudzvanywa mumutsara wekamuri yebrake haina kuderera, nekuda kweiyo braking inoitwa neimwe kana imwe simba.Nekuwedzera kudzvanya kwepedal, mavharuvhu anovhura zvakare uye mweya unopinda mumakamuri - braking yakanyanya.Izvi zvinovimbisa kuenzana kwekuedza kunoshandiswa kune pedal uye kusimba kwebraking, uye, semhedzisiro, inogadzira "pedal kunzwa".
Dhizaini uye kushanda kweaviri-chikamu KAMAZ crane
Kana iyo pedal yaburitswa, mudziyo wekutevera unobviswa kubva kumavharuvhu, semhedzisiro iyo valve yekupinda inovhara pasi pechiito chechirimo, uye vheji yekuburitsa inovhura - mweya wakamanikidzwa kubva mumutsara wekamuri yebhureki unopinda mumhepo, disinhibition. zvinoitika.Paunodzvanya pedal zvakare, maitiro ese anodzokororwa.
Kune mamwe magadzirirwo emagetsi mabhureki, anosanganisira imwe chete vharafu inotsiva mavharuvhu ekutora uye ekupera, asi iyo nheyo yekushanda kwemidziyo yakadaro yakafanana neyakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa.Mune mamwe macranes maviri-chikamu, chikamu chimwe (chepamusoro) chinogona kushanda sechigadziro chekutevera chechikamu chezasi, michina yakadaro ine mamwe maitiro ekuona kushanda kwechikamu chepasi mukusavapo kwekumanikidza muchikamu chepamusoro.
Mabhureki mavharuvhu, zvisinei nedhizaini uye kushanda, anogona kuva nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvekubatsira:
● Pneumatic brake light switch is electro-pneumatic switching device iyo inotaurirana nevhavhavhavha, iyo, kana simba rinokwira (kureva, kana bhureki) rinoshandura chiedza chemotokari yemotokari;
● Muffler ("fungus") chigadziro chinoderedza ruzha rwemhepo inobudiswa mumhepo apo motokari inosunungurwa;
● Manual dhiraivha - marevhera kana tsvimbo dzaunokwanisa kubhureki / kubhureka mota nemaoko mumamiriro ekukurumidzira kana kugadzirisa.
Zvakare pamutumbi wecrane pane tambo dzakarukwa dzekubatanidza mapaipi kubva kune vanogamuchira uye kune mitsetse yemakamuri akabhureki, mabhureki kana mafungu ane maburi anokwira uye zvimwe zvinhu.
Mavharuvhu anogona kuiswa munzvimbo iri nyore padivi pezvimwe zvinhu zvepneumatic system, kana zvakananga pasi pebhureki pedal.Muchiitiko chekutanga, sisitimu yetsvimbo uye levers inopiwa kuendesa simba kune crane, mune yechipiri kesi, iyo pedal inogona kuwanikwa padyo kana yakananga pane crane uye ine dhiraivha yehurefu hushoma.
Nyaya dzekusarudza, kugadzirisa uye kutsiva mabhureki mavharuvhu
Ivhavhavha yevhavha ndeimwe yezvinonyanya kukosha zvekugadzirisa hurongwa, saka inoda kugadziriswa nguva dzose, uye kana pane kusashanda, inofanira kugadziriswa kana kuchinjwa nokukurumidza.
Chete mhando uye modhi ye crane yakaiswa pamotokari pakutanga ndiyo inofanirwa kutorwa kuti itsive, kana zvichidikanwa, analogues ane hunhu hwakakodzera (kushanda kumanikidza uye kuita), zviyero zvekuisa uye mhando yekutyaira inogona kushandiswa.Kuiswa kwecrane nyowani kunofanirwa kuitwa zvinoenderana nemirairo yekugadziriswa kwemotokari, zvisungo zvinodikanwa, zvisimbiso zvinhu uye mafuta zvinofanirwa kushandiswa panguva yekuisa.
Iyo crane inoiswa pasi pekugadzirisa nguva dzose maererano nemirairo yemugadziri wemotokari.Imwe neimwe TO-2 inoitwa nekutarisa kwekuona kweiyo unit uye kutarisa kusimba kwayo (kutsvaga kwekudonha kunoitwa uchishandisa akakosha maturusi kana sipo emulsion uye nenzeve), pamwe nekuzora yerubbing zvikamu.Yese 50-70 zviuru zvemamaira, crane inobviswa uye kubviswa zvachose, kugezwa uye kuiswa mukugadzirisa matambudziko, dzakasakara kana dzakakanganisa zvikamu zvinotsiviwa nezvitsva, panguva yekusangana kunotevera, lubricant uye kuisa chisimbiso zvinhu zvinogadziridzwa.Muchiitiko ichi, zvingave zvakakosha kugadzirisa kuputika kwevhavha uye valve actuator.Aya mabasa anofanira kuitwa nenyanzvi ine ruzivo.
Nechisarudzo chakanaka uye kutsiva, pamwe chete nekugadzirisa nguva dzose, vheji yebhureki ichashanda yakavimbika, ichiva nechokwadi chekutonga kunobudirira kwegadziriro yemotokari yemotokari mumhando dzose dzekutyaira.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-14-2023