Iyo hydraulic drive yemabhureki uye clutch yemota ine unit inofambisa kutonga kweaya masisitimu - vacuum amplifier.Verenga zvese nezve vacuum brake uye clutch boosters, marudzi avo uye magadzirirwo, pamwe nekusarudzwa, kugadzirisa uye kutsiva kwezvikamu izvi muchinyorwa chakapihwa pawebhusaiti.
Chii chinonzi vacuum amplifier?
Vacuum booster (VU) - chikamu cheiyo brake system uye clutch ine hydraulic drive yemotokari dzine mavhiri;Chishandiso chepneumomechanical chinopa kuwedzera kwesimba pabhureki kana clutch pedal nekuda kwekusiyana kwemhepo yekumanikidza mune insulated cavities.
Iyo hydraulically inoshanda mabhureki sisitimu inoshandiswa pamotokari zhinji uye marori mazhinji ane dhirivhari yakakomba - mutyairi anofanirwa kushandisa simba rakakosha pachitsika kuti aite braking.Izvi zvinotungamira mukuwedzera kuneta kwemutyairi uye zvinogadzira mamiriro ane njodzi paunenge uchityaira.Dambudziko rimwe chetero rinoonekwa mune hydraulically inoshanda clutch iyo marori mazhinji akashongedzerwa nayo.Muzviitiko zvese izvi, dambudziko rinogadziriswa nekushandisa imwe pneumomechanical unit - vacuum brake uye clutch booster.
Iyo VU inoita senge yepakati chinongedzo pakati pebrake / clutch pedal uye brake master silinda (GTZ) / clutch master cylinder (GVC), inopa kuwedzera kwesimba kubva pane pedal kakawanda, izvo zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kudzora mota. .Ichi chikamu chakakosha pakushanda kwakachengeteka kwemotokari, uye kunyangwe kuparara kwayo sese kusingakanganise kushanda kwebrake / clutch drive, inofanirwa kugadziriswa nekutsiviwa.Asi usati watenga vacuum amplifier itsva kana kugadzirisa yekare, unofanirwa kunzwisisa marudzi aripo ezvirongwa izvi, magadzirirwo avo uye nheyo yekushanda.
Mhando, dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda kwevacuum amplifier
Chekutanga pane zvese, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti vacuum amplifiers anoshandiswa mune maviri emotokari masisitimu:
● Muchirongwa chekugadzirisa ne hydraulic drive - vacuum brake booster (VUT);
● Muchikwata chine hydraulic drive - vacuum clutch booster (VUS).
CWF inoshandiswa pamotokari dzinotakura vanhu, dzekutengesa uye dzepakati-basa mota.VUS yakaiswa pamarori, matarakita nemota dzakasiyana-siyana dzine mavhiri.Nekudaro, ese ari maviri marudzi eamplifiers ane chimiro chakafanana, uye kushanda kwavo kunobva pane imwecheteyo yemuviri musimboti.
VU dzakakamurwa kuita mapoka makuru maviri:
● Kamuri imwe chete;
● Dzimba mbiri.
Funga nezve dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda kweVU zvichibva pane imwe-chamber mudziyo.Kazhinji, iyo VU ine akati wandei zvikamu uye zvikamu:
● Chamber (aka body), yakakamurwa nespring-loaded diaphragm mu 2 cavities;
● Ivhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavhavha tsine yaro yakanangana ne clutch/brake pedal.Chikamu chinoputika chemuviri wevhavha uye chikamu chetsinde chakavharwa nevhavha yakavharidzirwa yakavharidzirwa, firita yemhepo iri nyore inogona kuvakwa mumutumbi wevhavha;
● Kuisa kana kuti pasina cheki chekivhavha yekubatanidza kamuri kune manifold ekutora kwechikwata chemagetsi;
● Tsvimbo yakabatana zvakananga kune diaphragm kune rumwe rutivi uye kune GTZ kana GCS kune rumwe rutivi.
Mumakamuri maviri eVU mune makamera maviri akaiswa munhevedzano ane diaphragms, anoshanda pane imwe tsvimbo yeGTZ drive kana GCS.Mune chero rudzi rwemashini, cylindrical simbi makamuri anoshandiswa, diaphragms isimbi zvakare, ine elastic suspension (yakagadzirwa nerabha), iyo inopa nyore kufamba kwechikamu pamwe neaxis yayo.
Kamuri yeVU inopatsanurwa nediaphragm kuita mapako maviri: padivi pedhiri pane mhango yemhepo, parutivi rwecylinder pane vacuum cavity.Iyo vacuum mhango inogara yakabatana kune vacuum sosi - kazhinji iyo injini yekupinda manifold inoita muchikamu chayo (kudonha kwekumanikidza mairi kunoitika kana pistons ichifamba pasi), zvisinei, pombi yakaparadzana inogona kushandiswa mumotokari dzine injini dzedhiziri.Muchadenga wemuchadenga une chinongedzo kumhepo (kuburikidza nevharuvhu yekudzora) uye kune vacuum cavity (kuburikidza nevhavha imwechete yekudzora kana vharafu yakaparadzana).
Mufananidzo wevacuum brake
Booster Dhizaini yechiratidzo-chamber vacuum booster
Dhizaini ye-two-chambe vacuum booster
Iyo vacuum amplifier inoshanda zviri nyore.Kana iyo pedal yakaora mwoyo, vharuvhu yekudzora (servo valve) yakavharwa, asi maburi ese ari maviri anotaurirana kuburikidza nemakomba, chiteshi kana vharafu yakaparadzana - inochengetedza kuderedzwa kwakaderedzwa, iyo diaphragm iri muchiyero uye haifambi mune chero nzira.Panguva yekufambisa pedal mberi, valve yekutevera inotangwa, inovhara mugero pakati pemakomba uye panguva imwechete inotaurirana mhango yemhepo nemhepo, saka kumanikidza kuri mairi kunowedzera zvakanyanya.Nekuda kweizvozvo, mutsauko wekumanikidza unoitika padiaphragm, unofamba uchienda kugomba nekumanikidzwa kwakaderera pasi pesimba remhepo yakakwira, uye kuburikidza netsvimbo inoita paGTZ kana GCS.Nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwemuchadenga, simba riri padhiza rinowedzera, izvo zvinoita kuti kufamba kwepedal kuve nyore kana uchibhureki kana kubvisa clutch.
Kana iyo pedal ikamira mune chero chinzvimbo chepakati, ipapo vharafu yekutevera inovhara (sezvo kudzvanywa pamativi ese episton yayo kana yakakosha jet washer yakaenzana, uye zvikamu izvi zvinogara pachigaro nekuda kwechiito chechirimo) uye kudzvanywa mukati. kamuri yemuchadenga inorega kuchinja.Nekuda kweizvozvo, kufamba kwe diaphragm uye tsvimbo inomira, iyo yakabatana GTZ kana GCS inoramba iri munzvimbo yakasarudzwa.Nekumwezve shanduko munzvimbo yepedal, valve yekudzora inovhura zvakare, maitiro anotsanangurwa pamusoro anoenderera mberi.Nokudaro, vheji yekudzora inopa chiito chekutevera chegadziriro, nekudaro kuwana kuenzana pakati pedhidhiyo yepedal uye simba rinogadzirwa nemuchina wose.
Kana iyo pedal yakasunungurwa, valve yekutevera inovhara, ichiparadzanisa mhepo yemhepo kubva mumhepo, ichizarura maburi pakati pemakomba.Nekuda kweizvozvo, dzvinyiriro inodonha mumakomba ese, uye diaphragm neGTZ yakabatana kana GCS inodzokera kunzvimbo yavo yekutanga nekuda kwesimba rechirimo.Mune chinzvimbo ichi, iyo VU yakagadzirira kushanda zvakare.
Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro apa, iyo yakajairika sosi yevacuum yeVU ndiyo yakawanda yekudyara yemagetsi unit, kubva pane izvi zviri pachena kuti kana injini yamira, iyi unit haishande (kunyangwe vacuum yasara muFU kamuri, kunyangwe mushure mekunge injini yamira, ichakwanisa kupa kubva kune imwe kusvika kune matatu mabhureki).Zvakare, iyo VU haishande kana makamuri akaomeswa kana kuti vacuum yekupa hose kubva kumota yakakuvadzwa.Asi iyo braking system kana clutch drive mune iyi kesi icharamba ichishanda, kunyangwe izvi zvichizoda kushanda nesimba.Icho chokwadi ndechekuti pedal yakabatana zvakananga neGTZ kana GCS kuburikidza nematanda maviri anomhanya neaxis yeVU yese.Saka kana pakakoromoka kwakasiyana, matanda eVU achaita seyakajairika dhiraivha tsvimbo.
Maitiro ekusarudza, kugadzirisa uye kuchengetedza vacuum amplifier
Kudzidzira kunoratidza kuti CWT neVUS vane yakakosha sosi uye kashoma kuve sosi yematambudziko.Zvisinei, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, kukanganisa kwakasiyana-siyana kunogona kuitika muchikwata ichi, kunyanya kurasikirwa kwekusimba kwekamuri, kukuvadzwa kwe diaphragm, kusashanda kwevhavha uye kukuvara kwemagetsi kune zvikamu.Kusashanda zvakanaka kweamplifier kunoratidzwa nekuwedzera kushorwa pane pedal uye kuderera kwekurohwa kwayo.Kana zviratidzo zvakadaro zvikaonekwa, zvinodikanwa kuongorora iyo unit, kana ikasashanda, kugadzirisa kana kutsiva iyo amplifier gungano.
Idzo chete mhando uye mhando dzeVUT neVUS dzinokurudzirwa kuisirwa nemugadziri wemotokari dzinofanirwa kutorwa kuti dzitsive.Muchidimbu, zvinotenderwa kushandisa zvimwe zvikamu, asi zvinofanirwa kunge zvine maitiro akakodzera uye zviyero zvekuisa.Hazvibvumirwi kushandisa chikwata chinogadzira simba risina kukwana - izvi zvinotungamirira mukuderera kwekutonga kwemotokari uye kuwedzera kwekuneta kwemutyairi.Semuenzaniso, hapana nyaya iwe unofanirwa kuisa imwe-chamber VU pane maviri-chamber one.Kune rumwe rutivi, hazvina musoro kuisa amplifier ine simba, sezvo kana uchiishandisa, "pedal feeling" inogona kurasikirwa, uye kutsiva uku kunoda mari isina kukodzera.
Uyezve, pakusarudza amplifier, zvakakosha kufunga nezvekugadzirisa kwayo - zvikamu izvi zvinogona kugoverwa zvakasanganiswa neGTZ kana GCS, kana zvakasiyana kubva kwavari.Pamusoro pezvo, ungangoda kutenga mafittings, slags, clamps uye fasteners - zvese izvi zvinofanirwa kutarisirwa mberi.
Kutsiviwa kwevacuum amplifier kunofanira kuitwa maererano nemirairo yekugadzirisa yemotokari.Kazhinji, zvakakwana kuti ubvise hunde kubva padanda, bvisa GTZ / GCS (kana iri mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka) uye mahosi ose, wobva wabvisa amplifier, kuiswa kwechikwata chitsva kunoitwa munhevedzano.Kana iyo VU ikachinja mugungano necylinder, saka zvinofanirwa kutanga kubvisa mvura kubva muhurongwa uye kubvisa mapaipi anoenda kumasekete kubva kuhumburumbira.Paunenge uchiisa amplifier itsva, inofanirwa kugadzirisa pedal stroke, izvi zvinogonawo kudiwa panguva yekuwedzera kushanda kwemotokari.
Kana iyo vacuum booster yakanyatso kusarudzwa uye yakatsiviwa, iyo braking system kana clutch actuator ichabva yatanga kushanda, ichiva nechokwadi chekutonga kwakanaka kwemotokari mumamiriro ese.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-13-2023