Muchidhiraivho chedzinenge mota dzese dzine mavhiri, pane zvinhu zvinopfuudza simba kubva padhiraivha kuenda kumavhiri - tsvimbo.Zvose pamusoro pezvisungo zvekusungira, marudzi avo aripo, dhizaini uye kushandiswa, pamwe chete nekusarudzwa kwakarurama uye kuchinjwa kwezvikamu izvi - verenga chinyorwa chakarongwa.
Chii chinonzi tie rod?
Tsvimbo yekudzora - chinhu chekutyaira kweiyo dhizaini yemotokari ine mavhiri (kunze kwematarakita nemimwe midziyo ine furemu yekutyora);Chikamu muchimiro chetsvimbo ine bhora rejoint (hinges), iyo inovimbisa kuendeswa kwesimba kubva kune inotungamira nzira kuenda kune levers yeinotungamira knuckles yemavhiri uye kune zvimwe zvikamu zvedhiraivha.
Kutungamira kwemotokari dzine mavhiri kwakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: dhiraivha uye dhiraivha yayo.Iyo dhizaini inodzorwa nedhiraivha, nerubatsiro rwayo simba rinogadzirwa kutsausa mavhiri anotungamira.Simba iri rinopfuudzwa kumavhiri nenzira yekutyaira, inova hurongwa hwetsvimbo nemarevheti akabatanidzwa nemahinji.Chimwe chezvikamu zvikuru zvedhiraivha zvisungo zvisungo zvakasiyana munzvimbo, dhizaini uye chinangwa.
Madhiri ane mabasa akati wandei:
● Kutumira simba kubva kumagetsi ekutungamirira kune zvikamu zvakabatana zvemotokari uye zvakananga kune zvigadziro zvemakumbo ekutungamirira emavhiri;
● Kubata kona yakasarudzwa yekutenderera kwemavhiri pakuita maitiro;
● Kugadziriswa kwekona yekutenderera kwemavhiri anotungamirirwa zvichienderana nechinzvimbo chekufambisa uye zvimwe zvinogadziriswa zvegiyo rekutungamirira kazhinji.
Zvisungo zvezvisungo zvinogadzirisa basa rinokosha rekufambisa masimba kubva pamagetsi ekufambisa kusvika kumavhiri anotungamirirwa, saka, kana pakaitika kusashanda, zvikamu izvi zvinofanira kuchinjwa nokukurumidza.Asi nokuda kwechisarudzo chakanaka chekusimudzira kutsva, zvakakosha kunzwisisa marudzi aripo, magadzirirwo uye maitiro ezvikamu izvi.
Mhando uye kushandiswa kwe tie tsvimbo
Zvisungo zvisungo zvinogona kukamurwa kuva marudzi akati wandei zvichienderana nechinangwa chavo, kushanda uye mamwe magadzirirwo emhando.
Panyaya yekushandiswa, kune marudzi maviri ekudhonza:
● Nezvekutungamirira masisitimu zvichienderana nehonye uye mamwe maitiro ekufambisa uye nedhiraivha nenzira yekufambisa trapezoid;
● Zvekutungamirira masisitimu anobva pane zvidhiraivho zvidhinha zvine mavhiri akananga.
Mune masisitimu emhando yekutanga (ine inotungamira trapezoids), maviri kana matatu tsvimbo anoshandiswa, zvichienderana nerudzi rwekumiswa kweiyo inotungamirwa axle uye inotungamira trapezoid chirongwa:
● Paekisesi ine inorembera yakarembera: tsvimbo mbiri - imwe longitudinal, ichibva painotungamira bipod, uye imwe yakachinjika, yakabatana nemakumbo ezvitsigiro zvemagumbo;
● Paakisi ine yakazvimirira kuturika: tsvimbo nhatu - imwe longitudinal pakati (pakati), akabatana bipod yokutungamirira michina, uye maviri longitudinal lateral, akabatana pakati uye kune levers echidhiraivho knuckles mavhiri.
Kune zvakare sarudzo dzetrapezoid paaxle ine yakazvimirira kuturika ine maviri epadivi tsvimbo akabatana neinotungamira bipod panzvimbo yepakati.Zvisinei, dhiraivha yechirongwa chakadaro inowanzoshandiswa mukutungamirira kunobva pamagetsi ekufambisa, ayo anotsanangurwa pasi apa.
Mhando uye zvirongwa zvetrapezoid steering
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mukutungamira trapezoid kune axle ine yakazvimirira kuturika, imwe tie tsvimbo inonyatso shandiswa, yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu - inonzi yakaputswa tsvimbo.Kushandiswa kwetsvimbo yakabviswa tie kunodzivirira kungoerekana kwaita mavhiri anofambiswa paunenge uchityaira pamapumpu mumugwagwa nekuda kwekusiyana kweamplitude ye oscillation yekurudyi uye kuruboshwe mavhiri.Iyo trapezoid pachayo inogona kuwanikwa kumberi uye kuseri kweaxle yemavhiri, mune yekutanga kesi inonzi kumberi, mune yechipiri - yekumashure (saka usafunge kuti "rear steering trapezoid" igiya rekutungamirira riri pamusoro. simbi yekumashure yemota).
Mumasisitimu ekufambisa akavakirwa padhiraivha, matanda maviri chete anoshandiswa - kurudyi nekuruboshwe kuchinjika kutyaira mavhiri ekurudyi nekuruboshwe, zvichiteerana.Muchokwadi, iyi ndiyo inotungamira trapezoid ine yakapatsanurwa longitudinal tsvimbo ine hinge iri pakati - iyi mhinduro inorerutsa zvakanyanya dhizaini yekutungamirira, ichiwedzera kuvimbika kwayo.Tsvimbo dzemuchina uyu dzinogara dziine dhizaini yakaumbwa, zvikamu zvadzo zvekunze zvinowanzonzi mazano ekutungamirira.
Tie tsvimbo dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri zvichienderana nemukana wekuchinja kureba kwavo:
● Kusagadziriswa - tsvimbo imwe chete ine urefu hwakapiwa, inoshandiswa mumadhiraivha nemamwe madhiri anogadziriswa kana zvimwe zvikamu;
● Kugadziriswa - matanda anoumbwa, ayo, nekuda kwezvimwe zvikamu, anogona kuchinja urefu hwawo mukati memimwe miganhu kugadzirisa giya rekutungamirira.
Chekupedzisira, tsvimbo dzinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka mazhinji zvichienderana nekushanda kwavo - kumota nemarori, kumota dzine uye dzisina simba rekufambisa, nezvimwe.
Sunga tsvimbo yekugadzira
Iyo yakapfava dhizaini ine matanda asina kudzorwa - iwo akavakirwa pane gomo kana-yese-simbi tsvimbo yeprofile (inogona kutwasuka kana kukombama zvinoenderana neyakagadzirwa maficha emota), kune imwe kana ese magumo ayo majoini ebhora aripo.Hinges hadzina kupatsanurwa, dzinosanganisira muviri une pini yebhora iri mukati neshinda yekorona nut uye gomba rakachinjika repini yecotter;Iyo hinge inogona kuvharwa nebhutsu yerabha kudzivirira kubva kune tsvina nemvura.Pakusundidzira kuchinjika, matemo eminwe yezvisungo zvebhora ari mundege imwechete kana kuchinjirwa pakona diki.Pakusundidzira kwelongitudinal, matemo emapini ehinge anowanzo tenderera kune rimwe nerimwe.
Imwe dhizaini yakaoma kunzwisisa ine matanda asina kudzorwa akachinjika.Mukukurudzira kwakadaro, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kupihwa:
Radiator uye tangi yekuwedzera plug ine mavharuvhu akasanganiswa ari pane imwechete axis
● Mumatanda emaekisi ane kusungirirwa - gomba kana hinge yekubatanidza kune bipod yekutungamirira;
● Mumatanda e-axles ane yakazvimiririra kuturika - maburi maviri akaenzana akarongwa kana hinges ekubatanidza nematanda emativi;
● Mumatanda emotokari ane hydrostatic steering (GORU) - bhakiti kana gomba rekubatanidza kune tsvimbo ye hydraulic cylinder GORU.
Nekudaro, trapezoid ine ruoko rwependulum inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamotokari zhinji - mumasisitimu akadaro, iyo yepakati inochinjika inosundirwa pamazano ayo ine maburi ekukwira pendulum lever uye yekutungamirira bipod.
Inogadziriswa tie tsvimbo ine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru: tsvimbo pachayo uye chidhiraivho chakabatana nacho.Iyo muromo mune imwe nzira kana imwe inogona kushandura nzvimbo yayo maererano nekukanda, iyo inokubvumira kugadzirisa urefu hwese hwechikamu.Zvichienderana nemaitiro ekugadzirisa, kupinza kunogona kukamurwa kuva marudzi maviri:
● Kugadziriswa kwe thread ne locknut fixation;
● Kugadziriswa neshinda kana telescopic nzira ine fixation ine tie clamp.
Muchiitiko chekutanga, chidimbu chine shinda inopindirwa mutambo yekaunda pamagumo etsvimbo, kana zvinopesana, uye kugadzirisa kubva pakutendeuka kunoitwa ne locknut pashinda imwechete.Muchiitiko chechipiri, muromo wacho unogonawo kuputirwa mutsvimbo, kana kungopinzwa mukati mayo, uye kugadzirisa kubva pakutendeuka kunoitwa nechisimba chinosimbisa pamusoro pekunze kwetsvimbo.Iyo yekusimbisa clamp inogona kutetepa uye yakasimbiswa nebhaudhi rimwe chete nenut, kana yakafara nekusimbiswa kwemabhaudhi maviri.
Inogadziriswa tie tsvimbo dhizaini ine tie zvisungo
Yese tambo tsvimbo dzakasungirirwa kune imwe neimwe uye kune mamwe mativi eanotungamira system - izvi zvinogonesa kushanda kwakajairika kwehurongwa panguva yekukanganisa kunoitika mota ichifamba.Matemo ehinges mapini ebhora, anogadziriswa mumakomba ezvikamu zvekusangana nekorona nuts dzakagadziriswa nemapini ecotter.
Tsvimbo dzakagadzirwa nesimbi yemagiredhi akasiyana-siyana, dzinogona kuve nejasi rekudzivirira muchimiro chependi yakajairika kana electroplating ine simbi dzakasiyana-siyana - zinc, chromium nevamwe.
Nzira yekusarudza uye kutsiva tsvimbo yekusungira
Miti inotungamira inoiswa pasi pemitoro yakakosha panguva yekushanda kwemotokari, saka inokurumidza kuva isingagoneki.Kazhinji kazhinji, matambudziko anomuka mumajoini ebhora, uye tsvimbo zvakare iri pasi pe deformation uye kuputika, inoteverwa nekuparadzwa kwechikamu.Kusashanda zvakanaka kwetsvimbo kunogona kuratidzwa nekudzokera shure uye kurohwa kwevhiri, kana, zvakasiyana, vhiri rakanyanya kusimba, kugogodza kwakasiyana-siyana paunenge uchityaira, pamwe nekurasikirwa kwekugadzikana kwemotokari (inotungamira rutivi).Kana zviratidzo izvi zvichionekwa, kutungamirira kunofanira kuongororwa, uye kana matambudziko nematanda akawanikwa, saka anofanira kuchinjwa.
Kuti utsive, iwe unofanirwa kusarudza izvo zvidhiraivho uye matipi akaiswa pamotokari kare - iyi ndiyo chete nzira yekuvimbisa kuti chidhiraivho chinoshanda nemazvo.Kana dambudziko racho rakangoitika mune rimwe divi tsvimbo kana muromo, zvino zviri nani kutsiva zvikamu izvi zviviri zviviri, kana zvisina kudaro pane mukana wakanyanya wekuputsika kwetsvimbo pavhiri rechipiri.
Kutsiviwa kwetsvimbo kunofanira kuitwa maererano nemirayiridzo yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa motokari.Kazhinji, kuvhiyiwa uku kunosvika pakusimudza mota pajeki, kubvisa tsvimbo dzakasakara (izvo zviri nani kushandisa dhizaini yakakosha) nekuisa nyowani.Mushure mekugadzirisa, zvinokurudzirwa kugadzirisa kurongeka kwevhiri.Tsvimbo itsva pane dzimwe mota (kunyanya marori) dzinofanirwa kuzorwa nguva nenguva, asi kazhinji zvikamu izvi hazvidi kuchengetedzwa mukati mehupenyu hwavo hwese hwebasa.
Nechisarudzo chakakodzera uye kutsiva tambo tsvimbo, kutyaira kuchave kwakavimbika uye kuvimbika mune ese ekutyaira modhi.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-26-2023