Kuiswa kwezvitubu pamapuranga emotokari kunoitwa nerubatsiro rwezvitsigiro zvakavakwa pazvikamu zvakakosha - zvigunwe.Iwe unogona kudzidza zvese nezvemapini echitubu, iwo aripo marudzi, dhizaini uye maficha ebasa mukumiswa, pamwe nesarudzo chaiyo yeminwe uye kutsiva kwavo, mune ino chinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi spring pin?
Chitubu pin izita rakajairika rezvikamu muchimiro chetsvimbo dzine nzira dzakasiyana dzekuisa (dzakarukwa, wedge, cotter pini), inobudikira sema axles kana fasteners muchirimo kumiswa kwemota.
Kumiswa kwechirimo, kwakagadzirwa muzana ramakore reXVIII, kuchiri kukosha uye kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukufambisa kwemigwagwa.Zvitubu zvinoshanda sezvinhu zvakanyunguduka, izvo, nekuda kwezvimisikidzo zvazvo, zvinotsvedzerera kuvhunduka uye kuvhunduka kana uchityaira mota pamusoro pemapumbu emumugwagwa.Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa ndeye semi-elliptical springs ine mapoinzi maviri erutsigiro pafuremu - yakataurwa uye inotsvedza.Iyo hinge point inopa kugona kutenderedza chitubu maererano nefuremu, uye iyo inotsvedza nzvimbo inopa shanduko mukureba kwechirimo panguva yekukanganisa kunoitika panguva yekukunda kusaenzana kwenzira yemugwagwa.Iyo axis yerutsigiro ine hinged, iyo iri pamberi pechitubu, chinhu chakakosha - chigunwe cheziso rechirimo (kana chigunwe chemberi kwechitubu).Rear sliding spring supports anowanzo gadzirwa pamabhaudhi uye zvimwe zvikamu, asi dzimwe nguva vanoshandisawo zvigunwe zveakasiyana magadzirirwo.
Leaf spring suspension uye nzvimbo yeminwe mairi
Mapini echitubu zvikamu zvakakosha zvekumiswa, anogara achishanda pasi pemitoro yakakwira (kunyangwe kana mota isiri kufamba), saka ivo vari pasi pekupfeka kwakanyanya uye nguva nenguva inoda kutsiviwa.Asi usati watenga zvigunwe zvitsva, unofanirwa kunzwisisa magadzirirwo uye maitiro ezvikamu izvi.
Mhando, dhizaini uye maficha echirimo pini
Mapini ezvitubu anorongedzerwa maererano nemabasa akaitwa mukusimwa (uye, maererano nenzvimbo yekuisa), uye zvinoenderana nenzira yekuisa.
Maererano nechinangwa (mabasa), zvigunwe zvakakamurwa kuva mapoka matatu makuru:
● Zvigunwe zvenzeve (kumucheto kumberi) kwechirimo;
● Mapini ekutsigirwa kwechitubu chemashure;
● Mapini ekusungirira akasiyana-siyana.
Anenge ese ekumiswa kwechirimo ane chigunwe chenzeve, chinova chinhu chikuru chekumberi chine hingrum fulcrum yekumberi nekumashure zvitubu.Munwe uyu unoita mabasa akati wandei:
- Inoshanda seakisi (kingpin) ye fulcrum ine hingers;
- Inopa mechanical connection ye spring lug ine bracket iri pane furemu;
- Inopa kufambiswa kwemauto uye torques kubva pavhiri kuenda kune mota furemu.
Kuisa chitubu pin pa nzungu
Mapini erutsigiro rwekumashure haawanikwe mune ese kumiswa kwechirimo, kazhinji chikamu ichi chinotsiviwa nemabhaudhi kana mabhureki pasina chero tambo dzakasungirirwa.Zvigunwe izvi zvinogona kukamurwa kuva mhando mbiri huru:
● Zvigunwe zvimwechete zvakagadziriswa mumashure emashure echitubu (kunyanya kunyanya, mumitsetse yebhakiti);
● Zvigunwe zviviri zvakaungana mumhete.
Inonyanya kushandiswa zvigunwe zvimwechete zvinowanikwa mubhakiti rekumashure, chitubu chinozorora pamunwe uyu (zvakananga kana kuburikidza negasket yakakosha yakaoma).Zvigunwe zviviri zvinoshandiswa zvishoma kazhinji, uye kazhinji pamotokari dzehuremu hudiki (somuenzaniso, pane mamwe maUAZ modhi).Zvigunwe zvinounganidzwa zviviri zviviri nerubatsiro rwemahwendefa maviri (matama), kugadzira mhete yekurembera chitubu: munwe wepamusoro wemhete unoiswa mubhuraketi pafuremu, munwe wezasi unoiswa muziso kumashure. yechirimo.Kusungirira uku kunoita kuti kumucheto kwechitubu kufambe kwakatwasuka uye kwakatwasuka kana vhiri richifamba nemigwagwa isina kuenzana.
Mhando dzakasiyana dzemapini ekumisikidza anoshandiswa kubatanidza chitubu cheplate package kune eyelet (kana chitubu chepureti, kumagumo kunogadzirwa loop).Ose mapini uye mabhaudhi anogona kushandiswa kubatanidza pamwe chete akasiyana epurasitiki uye rubber bushings.
Maererano nenzira yekuisa, zvigunwe zvezvitubu zvakakamurwa kuva marudzi matatu:
1.Nekugadzirisa nemabhaudhi akachinjika ediki dhayamita (jamming);
2.Nekugadzirisa nut;
3.Nekugadzirisa cotter pini.
Muchiitiko chekutanga, chigunwe checylindrical chinoshandiswa, pane lateral pamusoro peiyo miviri inotenderera semicircular grooves inogadzirwa.Iyo bracket ine mabhaudhi maviri akachinjika anokwana mumigero yepini, achive nechokwadi chekuti jamming yaro.Nekuisirwa uku, chigunwe chakachengetedzwa zvakachengeteka mubhuraketi, haitenderere yakatenderedza axis uye inodzivirirwa kubva pakudonha pasi pesimba rekuvhunduka mitoro uye vibrations.Zvigunwe zverudzi urwu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumarori, kusanganisira edzimba dzeKAMAZ marori.
Muchiitiko chechipiri, tambo inochekwa pamagumo emunwe, pane imwe kana maviri nuts ane thrust washers inoputirwa.Zvose zvakajairwa nzungu nekorona nzungu zvinogona kushandiswa, zvizere nepini yecotter, iyo inoiswa mugomba rinochinjika mupini, uye yakavimbika inoverengera nati.
Muchiitiko chechitatu, zvigunwe zvinoshandiswa, zvinogadziriswa chete nepini yecotter, iyo inoshanda sechinomira kudzivirira chikamu kubva pakudonha kubva mubhakiti.Pamusoro pezvo, thrust washer inoshandiswa nepini yecotter.
Zvigunwe zvekutanga uye zvechipiri zvemhando zvinoshandiswa pamberi pezvitsigiso zvezvitubu, zvigunwe zvemhando yechitatu zvinoshandiswa mumashure emashure ematsime.
Mune rimwe boka rakasiyana, unogona kutora zvigunwe zvinoshandiswa mumatsutso echitubu.Mune rimwe dama, zvigunwe zvakatsikirirwa, iyo iyo yekuwedzera ine longitudinal notch inoitwa pasi pemisoro yavo - chigunwe chine ichi chekuwedzera chinoiswa mugomba padama, uye chakatsiga chakagadzika mairi.Nekuda kweizvozvo, chinongedzo chinogoneka chinogadzirwa, nekuda kwekuti mhete inogona kuiswa nyore nyore uye kubviswa, uye, kana zvichidikanwa, inoparadzaniswa kutsiva imwe munwe.
Mapini ezvitsigiso zvepamberi akaiswa mumabhuraketi kuburikidza nesleeve yakasimba kana inoumbwa.Mumarori, simbi yakasimba bushings inowanzoshandiswa, umo mapini akaiswa kuburikidza maviri ring rubber seals (cuffs).Mumotokari dzakareruka, mabhanhire akaumbwa anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, anosanganisira maviri erubha bushings ane makora akabatanidzwa nekunze uye emukati simbi bushings - iyi dhizaini ndeye rubber-metal hinge (silent block), iyo inoderedza huwandu hwese hwekudedera uye kumiswa ruzha.
Nekuita kwakajairika kwepini yerutsigiro rwemberi (spring eyelet), inofanirwa kuvezwa - nekuda kweichi, chiteshi chakaita saL chinoitwa muzvigunwe (kuboora kumagumo uye padivi), uye girizi yakajairwa. fitting inoiswa kumagumo pashinda.Kuburikidza neoiri, girisi inopinzwa mugero remunwe, iyo inopinda mune sleeve uye, nekuda kwekumanikidza uye kupisa, inogoverwa mukati megeji pakati pe sleeve nepini.Kugovera zvakaenzana lubricant (pamwe nekuisa zvakanaka chikamu mubhuraketi), marefu uye anochinjika grooves emhando dzakasiyana anogona kuitwa mupini.
Spring lug pini ine mabhaudhi maviri
Spring lug pini ine nzungu
fixation Pini yekumashure kwechitubu tsigiro papini yecotter
Nzira yekutora uye kutsiva pini yechitubu
Munguva yekushanda kwemotokari, zvigunwe zvese zvezvitubu zvinoiswa pasi pemichina yakakosha mitoro, pamwe nemhedzisiro yezvinhu zvisina kunaka zvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinotungamira mukupfeka kwavo kwakanyanya, deformation uye corrosion.Izvo zvinodiwa kuti utarise mamiriro ezvigunwe uye mabhushi avo pane imwe neimwe TO-1, panguva yekuongorora inofanirwa kuona uye nekushandisa kuongorora kupfeka kweminwe uye bushings, uye, kana iri kupfuura inobvumidzwa, shandura zvikamu izvi. .
Izvo chete zvigunwe uye zvikamu zvekusangana zvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri wemotokari zvinofanirwa kutorwa kuti zvitsive.Kushandiswa kwemamwe marudzi ezvikamu zvinogona kutungamirira pakupfeka nguva isati yasvika uye kuputsika kwekumiswa, uye kuzvigadzira kweminwe kunogonawo kuva nemigumisiro yakaipa (kunyanya kana giredhi resimbi risina kusarudzwa zvisina kururama).Izvo zvinodikanwa kushandura pini yechirimo maererano nemirayiridzo yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa motokari.Kazhinji, kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa sezvinotevera:
1.Kurembera chikamu chemotokari kubva parutivi rwechitubu kuti chigadziriswe, bvisa chitubu;
2.Disconnect the shock absorber kubva muchirimo;
3.Kusunungura pini - sunungura nut, sunungura mabhoti, bvisa pini yecotter kana kuita mamwe maitiro maererano nemhando yepini yakabatanidzwa;
4.Bvisa chigunwe - gogodza kunze kana kuti ubudise kunze kwe sleeve uchishandisa chigadzirwa chakakosha;
5.Ongorora sleeve uye, kana zvichidiwa, bvisa;
6.Isa zvikamu zvitsva, mushure mekuzora;
7.Reverse assemble.
Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mune dzimwe nguva zvinokwanisika kubvisa munwe chete nerubatsiro rwekudhonza kwakakosha - ichi chigadziro chinofanira kutarisirwa mberi.Iyo inodhonza inogona kutengwa kana kuitwa yakazvimirira, kunyangwe zvigadzirwa zvefekitori zvinoshanda zvakanyanya.
Mushure mokutsiva chigunwe, zvakakosha kuzadza girasi mukati maro kuburikidza nemafuta ekugadzirisa uye wozoita basa iri nekugadzirisa kwakakodzera.
Kana pini yechitubu ichisarudzwa uye yakatsiviwa nemazvo, kumiswa kwemotokari kuchashanda zvakavimbika mumamiriro ese ezvinhu, zvichipa kufamba kwakasununguka uye kwakachengeteka.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-11-2023