Kuiswa kwezvitubu pamapuranga emotokari kunoitwa nerubatsiro rwezvitsigiro zvakavakwa pazvikamu zvakakosha - zvigunwe.Zvose pamusoro pezvigunwe zvezvitubu, maitiro avo aripo, magadzirirwo uye maitiro ekushanda mukusimwa, pamwe chete nesarudzo yakarurama yeminwe uye kuchinjwa kwavo, unogona kuwana munyaya yakaratidzwa.
Chii chinonzi chitubu chemunwe?
Kumiswa kwechitubu uye nzvimbo yeminwe mairi
Chigunwe chechirimo izita rakajairika rezvikamu muchimiro chetsvimbo dzine nzira dzakasiyana dzekumisa (shinda, wedge, pini), inobuda sema axles kana fasteners muchirimo kumiswa kwemotokari.
Kumiswa kwechirimo, kwakagadzirwa muzana ramakore reXVIII, kuchiri kushanda uye kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukufambisa kwemigwagwa.Zvitubu zvinoshanda sezvinhu elastic, izvo, nekuda kwezvimisikidzo zvazvo, zvinotsvedzerera kuvhunduka uye kudedera kana mota ichifamba nekusaenzana kwemugwagwa.Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye semi-elliptical springs ine mapoinzi maviri erutsigiro pafuremu - yakataurwa uye inotsvedza.Iyo inotsanangurwa poindi inopa kugona kutenderedza chitubu maererano nefuremu, uye iyo inotsvedza nzvimbo inopa shanduko mukureba kwechirimo panguva yekukanganisa kunoitika panguva yekukunda kusaenzana kwemugwagwa.Iyo axis yetsigiro yakatsanangurwa, iyo iri pamberi pechitubu, chinhu chakakosha - chigunwe chenzeve chechirimo (kana chigunwe chemberi kwechitubu).Rear sliding spring supports inowanzogadzirwa pamabhoti uye zvimwe zvikamu, asi dzimwe nguva zvigunwe zvemhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa mazviri.
Zvigunwe zvechitubu zvakakosha zvekumisa zvikamu zvinogara zvichishanda pasi pemitoro yakakwira (kunyangwe kana mota isiri kufamba), saka ivo vari pasi pekupfeka kwakanyanya uye nguva nenguva inoda kutsiviwa.Asi usati watenga zvigunwe zvitsva, unofanirwa kunzwisisa magadzirirwo uye maitiro ezvikamu izvi.
Mhando, dhizaini uye maficha eminwe zvitubu
Kuisa chitubu chigunwe pane nati
Zvigunwe zvezvitubu zvakarongedzerwa nemabasa akaitwa mukusimwa (uye, maererano, nenzvimbo yekuisa), uye nenzira yekuisa.
Maererano nechinangwa (mabasa), zvigunwe zvakakamurwa kuva mapoka matatu makuru:
● Zvigunwe zvenzeve (kumucheto) kwechirimo;
● Zvigunwe zvekutsigirwa kwemashure kwechirimo;
● Zvigunwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosungirirwa.
Munenge mune ese mashizha ekurembera kwechitubu pane chigunwe chenzeve, chinova chinhu chikuru chemberi hinge fulcrum yekumberi nekumashure zvitubu.Munwe uyu unoita mabasa akati wandei:
● Inoshanda seaxis (kingpin) ye fulcrum yakataurwa;
● Inopa mechanical connection of the spring ear with the bracket is on the frame frame;
● Inopa kuendeswa kwemasimba uye torques kubva pavhiri kusvika kune chimiro chemotokari.
Mapini ekumashure ekutsigira haawanikwe mune ese kumiswa kwechirimo, kazhinji chikamu ichi chinotsiviwa nemabhaudhi kana mabhureki pasina chero tambo dzakasungirirwa.Zvigunwe izvi zvinogona kukamurwa kuva mhando mbiri huru:
● Zvigunwe zvimwechete zvakagadziriswa mumashure emashure echitubu (kunyanya kunyanya, muzvinyorwa zvebhakiti);
● Zvigunwe zviviri zvakaungana mumhete.
Inonyanya kushandiswa zvigunwe zvimwechete zvinowanikwa mubhakiti rekumashure, chitubu chinozorora pamunwe uyu (zvakananga kana kuburikidza negasket yakakosha yakaoma).Zvigunwe zviviri zvinoshandiswa zvishoma kazhinji, uye kazhinji pamotokari dzemashoma mashoma (semuenzaniso, pane mamwe maUAZ modhi).Zvigunwe zvinounganidzwa zviviri zviviri nerubatsiro rwemahwendefa maviri (matama), kugadzira mhete yekurembera chitubu: munwe wepamusoro wemhete unoiswa mubhuroketi papuranga, munwe wezasi - munzeve kumashure kwe. chitubu.Iri gomo rinobvumira kumucheto kwechirimo kuti kuchinjike mundege dzakachinjika uye dzakatwasuka kana vhiri richifamba mumigwagwa isina kuenzana.
Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzepini dzinosungirirwa dzinoshandiswa kubatanidza pasuru yemapureti echitubu kunzeve (kana shizha ndiro, kumagumo kunogadzirwa loop).Zvose zvigunwe uye mabhoti zvinogona kushandiswa pakubatanidza pamwe chete nemapurasitiki akasiyana-siyana uye rubber bushings.
Maererano nenzira yekuisa, zvigunwe zvezvitubu zvakakamurwa kuva marudzi matatu:
1. Nekugadzirisa nemabhaudhi akachinjika ediki dhayamita (jamming);
2. Nekugadzirisa nzungu;
3. Nekugadzirisa kwepini.
Nzeve dzeminwe inoputika nekugadzirisa nemabhaudhi maviri
Nzeve dzeminwe inoputika nekugadzirisa ne nut
Finger of the back support of the spring on pini
Muchiitiko chekutanga, chigunwe checylindrical chinoshandiswa, pane lateral pamusoro peiyo maviri transverse semicircular notches inogadzirwa.Iyo bracket ine mabhaudhi maviri akachinjika anopinda ma notches echigunwe, achive nechokwadi chekuti jamming yaro.Nekuisirwa uku, chigunwe chakachengetedzwa zvakachengeteka mubhuraketi, haitenderere yakatenderedza axis uye inodzivirirwa kubva pakudonha pasi pesimba rekuvhunduka mitoro uye vibrations.Zvigunwe zverudzi urwu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumarori, kusanganisira edzimba dzeKAMAZ marori.
Muchiitiko chechipiri, tambo inochekwa pamagumo emunwe, pane imwe kana maviri nuts ane thrust washers inoputirwa.Zvose zvinojairwa nzungu nekorona nzungu zvinogona kushandiswa zvizere nepini inoiswa mugomba rinochinjika muchigunwe, uye nekuvimbika kuverengera nati.
Muchiitiko chechitatu, zvigunwe zvinoshandiswa, zvinogadziriswa chete nepini, iyo inoshanda sechigadziro chinodzivirira chikamu kubva pakudonha kubva mubhaketi.Uyezve, thrust washer inoshandiswa nepini.
Zvigunwe zvekutanga uye zvechipiri zvemhando zvinoshandiswa pamberi pezvitsigiso zvezvitubu, zvigunwe zverudzi rwechitatu - mumashure emashure ematsime.
Mune rimwe boka rakasiyana, unogona kutora zvigunwe zvinoshandiswa mumhete dzezvitubu.Mune rimwe dama, zvigunwe zvinodzvinyirirwa, iyo iyo yekuwedzera ine longitudinal notch inoitwa pasi pemisoro yavo - chigunwe chinoiswa mugomba padama nekuwedzera uku, uye yakanyatsogadziriswa mairi.Kubatana nedama rechipiri kunoitwa neakajairika nzungu kana korona nuts nemapini.Nekuda kweizvozvo, kupatsanurwa kwekubatanidza kunogadzirwa, nekuda kweiyo mhete inogona kuiswa nyore nyore uye kubviswa, uye kana zvichidikanwa, inoparadzaniswa kutsiva imwe munwe.
Kuiswa kweminwe yezvitsigiro zvemberi mumabhuraketi kunoitwa kuburikidza nesleeve yakasimba kana yakaumbwa.Mumarori, simbi yakasimba bushings inowanzoshandiswa, umo zvigunwe zvinoiswa kuburikidza neviri ring rubber seals (cuffs).Mumotokari dzakareruka, mabhurashi anoumbwa ane maviri erubha bushings ane mapendekete akabatanidzwa nekunze uye emukati simbi bushings anoshandiswa zvakanyanya - iyi dhizaini ndeye rubber-metal hinge (silent block), iyo inoderedza huwandu hwese hwekudedera uye ruzha rwekumiswa.
Nekuita kwakajairika kwechigunwe cherutsigiro chemberi (nzeve yechirimo), mafuta ayo anodiwa - nechikonzero ichi, chiteshi chakaita saL chinoitwa muzvigunwe (kuboora kumagumo uye muchikamu chedivi), uye mwero. oiler press inoiswa kumagumo pashinda.Kuburikidza neoiri, girisi inoputirwa mumugero wemunwe, iyo inopinda mubhushi uye, nekuda kwekumanikidza uye kupisa, inogoverwa mukati megeji pakati pebhushi nemunwe.Nokuda kwekugoverwa kwemafuta ekuzora (pamwe nekumisikidzwa kwakaringana kwechikamu mubhuraketi), notchi dzenguva refu uye dzakachinjika dzemhando dzakasiyana dzinogona kuitwa mumunwe.
Nzira yekutora uye kutsiva zvitubu zvemunwe
Munguva yekushanda kwemotokari, zvigunwe zvese zvezvitubu zvinoiswa pasi pemichina yakakosha mitoro, pamwe nemhedzisiro yezvinhu zvisina kunaka zvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinotungamira mukupfeka kwavo kwakanyanya, deformation uye corrosion.Tarisa mamiriro ezvigunwe uye mabhushi avo anofanira kunge ari pane imwe neimwe TO-1, panguva yekuongorora inofanirwa kutaridzika uye nekushandisa kuongorora kupfeka kweminwe uye bushings, uye, kana yakakura kudarika inobvumirwa, shandura zvikamu izvi.
Izvo chete zvigunwe uye zvikamu zvakabatana zvinokurudzirwa nemugadziri wemotokari zvinofanira kutorwa kuti zvitsive.Kushandiswa kwemamwe marudzi ezvikamu zvinogona kutungamirira pakupfeka nguva isati yasvika uye kuputsika kwekumiswa, chigumisiro chisina kunaka chinogonawo kuva nekugadzirwa kwakazvimirira kweminwe (kunyanya kana giredhi resimbi risina kusarudzwa).Iwe unofanirwa kushandura chigunwe chechitubu maererano nemirayiridzo yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa motokari.Kazhinji, kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa sezvinotevera:
1. Tumira chikamu chemotokari kubva padivi pechitubu kuti chigadziriswe, burutsa chitubu;
2. Bvisa chibatiso chekuvhunduka kubva muchirimo;
3. Sunungura chigunwe - sunungura nut, sunungura mabhoti, bvisa pini kana kuita mamwe maitiro maererano nemhando yekunamatira kwemunwe;
4. Bvisa chigunwe - gogodza kunze kana kuti ubudise kunze kwechigadziro nechigadzirwa chakakosha;
5. Ongorora bushing uye, kana zvichidiwa, bvisa;
6. Isa zvikamu zvitsva, wakamboita lubrication;
7. Reverse kuvaka.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti mune dzimwe nguva, iwe unogona kubvisa munwe chete nerubatsiro rwekudhonza akakosha - ichi chishandiso chinofanira kutarisirwa kumberi.Iyo inodhonza inogona kutengwa kana kuitwa yakazvimirira, kunyangwe zvigadzirwa zvefekitori zvinoshanda zvakanyanya.
Mushure mokutsiva chigunwe, zvakakosha kuizadza nemafuta kuburikidza nemafuta ekudhinda, mune ramangwana kuita basa iri nekugadzirisa kwakakodzera.
Kana chigunwe chechitubu chakasarudzwa uye chakatsiviwa nenzira kwayo, kumiswa kwemotokari kuchashanda zvakavimbika mumamiriro ese ezvinhu, zvichipa kufamba kwakasununguka uye kwakachengeteka.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-06-2023