Motokari dzose dzemazuva ano dzakagadzirirwa chiratidzo chinonzwika, chinoshandiswa kudzivirira njodzi dzemotokari.Verenga pamusoro pekuti chiratidzo cheinzwi chii, ndeapi marudzi, kuti chinoshanda sei uye kuti basa rayo rinobva papi, pamwe nekusarudzwa kwezviratidzo uye kutsiva kwavo.
Chii chinonzi beep?
Chiratidzo chenzwi (sound signing device, ZSP) - chinhu chikuru che alarm alarm yemotokari;Chigadzirwa chemagetsi, chemagetsi kana chepneumatic chinoburitsa chiratidzo chinonzwika cheimwe toni (frequency) kuyambira vamwe vashandisi vemugwagwa kuitira kudzivirira mamiriro ane njodzi.
Zvinoenderana neMitemo yemazuva ano yeMugwagwa, mota yega yega inoshandiswa muRussia inofanirwa kunge ine yambiro inonzwika, iyo inofanirwa kushandiswa chete kudzivirira tsaona dzemotokari.Maererano nendima 7.2 ye "Rondedzero yezvakaipa uye mamiriro ezvinhu umo kushanda kwemotokari kunorambidzwa", kuparara kwechiratidzo chezwi ndicho chikonzero chekurambidzwa kwekushanda kwemotokari.Nokudaro, ZSP yakakanganisika inofanira kuchinjwa, uye kuitira kuti uite chisarudzo chakanaka chechigadzirwa ichi, unofanira kunzwisisa marudzi ayo, zvigadziro uye zvinhu zvinokosha.
Mhando, chimiro uye nheyo yekushanda kwezviratidzo zvezwi
Iyo ZSP pamusika inogona kukamurwa kuva marudzi akati wandei zvichienderana nemusimboti wekushanda, spectral kuumbwa uye toni yeruzha rwakaburitswa.
Zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekushanda wakaiswa mukati mavo, zvese zvishandiso zvakakamurwa kuita mapoka matatu makuru:
● Magetsi;
● Pneumatic uye electro-pneumatic;
● Zvemagetsi.
Iboka rekutanga rinosanganisira zvose ZSP, umo inzwi rinogadzirwa ne membrane, oscillating pasi pechiito chekushandura ikozvino mune solenoid (electromagnet).Boka rechipiri rinosanganisira zviratidzo umo inzwi rinoumbwa nekuyerera kwemhepo inopfuura nenyanga kubva mumotokari kana compressor yayo, michina iyi inowanzonzi nyanga.Boka rechitatu rinosanganisira michina yakasiyana-siyana ine magetsi emagetsi emagetsi.
Zvinoenderana nechimiro chechimiro chezwi rakaburitswa, kune marudzi maviri eZSP:
● Noise;
● Tonal.
Boka rekutanga rinosanganisira zviratidzo zvinoburitsa ruzha rwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana (kubva pamakumi kusvika kuzviuru zveHz), zvinonzwisiswa nenzeve yedu seruzha rwakapinza kana ruzha.Boka rechipiri rinosanganisira ZSP inoburitsa ruzha rwehumwe hurefu muhuwandu hwe220-550 Hz.
Panguva imwecheteyo, tonal ZSP inogona kushanda muzvikamu zviviri:
Magadzirirwoye membrane (disk)chiratidzo chenzwiDhizaini yechiratidzo chepneumatic sound
● Inzwi rakaderera - muhuwandu hwe220-400 Hz;
● inzwi repamusoro - muhuwandu hwe400-550 Hz.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti ma frequency aya anoenderana neiyo yekutanga toni yezwi rezwi, asi chimwe nechimwe chakadaro chinoburitsa ruzha uye mamwe ma frequency anosvika gumi nemaviri kilohertz.
Imwe neimwe yemhando dzeZSP ine maitiro ayo uye mashandisirwo, ivo vanofanirwa kutariswa zvakadzama.
Membrane (disk) masaini ezwi
Membrane (disk) masaini ezwi
Zvishandiso zvechigadzirwa ichi zvinodaidzwa kuti electromagnetic, electromechanical kana vibration.Zvimiro, chiratidzo chiri nyore: chakavakirwa pane electromagnet ine inofambiswa armature yakabatana nesimbi membrane (kana dhisiki) uye nekusangana neboka rekusangana.Ichi chimiro chese chakaiswa mukesi, yakafukidzwa ne membrane kumusoro, resonator inogona kuwedzerwa kuiswa pa membrane - furati kana mukombe-yakaita ndiro kuti iwedzere vhoriyamu yekurira.Mutumbi une bhuraketi nematerminals ekubatanidza kumagetsi emotokari.
Nheyo yekushanda kwe disk ZSP iri nyore.Panguva yekushandisa ikozvino kune electromagnet, armature yayo inodzoserwa uye inomira pakatarisana nevanobata, ichivhura - iyo electromagnet inobviswa simba uye armature inodzokera kunzvimbo yayo yepakutanga pasi pechiito chechirimo kana elasticity ye membrane, iyo inotungamira zvakare kuvharwa kwevanobatika uye kupihwa kwezvino kune electromagnet.Iyi nzira inodzokororwa pane frequency ye200-500 Hz, iyo vibrating membrane inoburitsa ruzha rweiyo frequency frequency, iyo inogona kuwedzera kukwidziridzwa neresonator.
Vibration electromagnetic masiginecha ndiyo yakajairika nekuda kweiyo nyore dhizaini, yakaderera mutengo uye kusimba.Izvo zvinoratidzwa pamusika mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, pane zvingasarudzwa zvematoni akaderera uye akakwirira, ayo anowanzoiswa pamotokari ari maviri.
Membrane nyanga ZSP
Zvishandiso zverudzi urwu zvakafanana mukugadzira kune zvikwangwani zvinokurukurwa pamusoro, asi zvine rumwe ruzivo - nyanga yakatwasuka ("nyanga"), spiral ("cochlea") kana imwe mhando.Kuseri kwehwanga kuri padivi pemembrane, saka kuzunguzika kwemembrane kunoita kuti mhepo yese iri munyanga idengenyeke - izvi zvinopa kubuda kwehumwe hunhu hweimwe spectral kuumbwa, toni yeruzha inoenderana nehurefu. uye vhoriyamu yemukati menyanga.
Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye compact "snail" zviratidzo, izvo zvinotora nzvimbo shoma uye zvine simba guru.Zvishoma zvishoma zvishoma zviratidzo zve "nyanga", iyo, kana yakawedzerwa, ine chitarisiko chinokwezva uye inogona kushandiswa kushongedza motokari.Pasinei nerudzi rwenyanga, maZSP aya ane zvese zvakanakira zviratidzo zvekuzunguza zvakajairwa, izvo zvakaita kuti vazivikanwe.
Magadzirirwo ehon membrane membrane inonzwika chiratidzo
Pneumatic uye electro-pneumatic inzwi masaini
Electro-pneumatic nyanga
ZSP yerudzi urwu yakavakirwa pamusimboti wakapfava wekugadzirwa kwenzwi kubva mundiro yakatetepa inotenderera mumhepo inoyerera.Zvimiro, chiratidzo chepneumatic nyanga yakatwasuka, pane yakamanikana iyo ine kamuri yakavharwa yemhepo ine tsanga kana membrane vibrator - chidiki chidiki mukati umo mune ndiro yeimwe chimiro kana imwe.High-pressure air (kusvika ku10 atmospheres) inopiwa kukamuri, inokonzera kuti ndiro izununguke - chikamu ichi chinobudisa ruzha rweimwe frequency, iyo inowedzerwa nenyanga.
Kune maviri akasiyana ezviratidzo - pneumatic, inoda kubatana kune pneumatic system yemota, uye electropneumatic, ine yavo compressor ine electric drive.Pasinei nerudzi, maviri kana matatu kana anopfuura maZSP ane toni dzakasiyana akaiswa pamotokari, iyo inowana iyo inodiwa frequency uye kusimba kwekurira.
Nhasi, masaini epneumatic ndiwo mashoma akajairika nekuda kwekudhura kwawo, asi akakosha kumarori ane ruzha, zvishandiso izvi zvinoshandiswawo kugadzirisa.
ZSP yemagetsi
Zvishandiso zverudzi urwu zvinobva pamagetsi majenereta emutsindo frequency, kubuda kweinzwi uko kunoitwa nemisoro ine simba kana emagetsi emitter yemamwe marudzi.Kubatsira kwechiratidzo ichi kugona kuburitsa chero chiratidzo chezwi, asi michina yakadaro inodhura uye haina kuvimbika kupfuura yakajairwa membrane kana pneumatic.
GOSTs uye nyaya dzepamutemo dzekushanda kwezviratidzo zvinonzwika
Iwo makuru ma paramita ezviridzwa-emitting zvishandiso akamisikidzwa, uye chiyero chekushandisa kwavo kwakanyatso kudzorwa.Zvose ZSPs zvinofanira kuenderana neGOST R 41.28-99 (iyo, iyo, inosangana neEuropean UNECE Regulation No. 28).Humwe hunhu hukuru hweZSP kudzvinyirirwa kwavanosimudzira.Iyi parameter inofanirwa kunge iri pakati pe95-115 dB yemidhudhudhu, uye muhuwandu hwe105-118 dB yemotokari nemarori.Muchiitiko ichi, kudzvinyirirwa kwenzwi kunoyerwa muhuwandu hwehuwandu hwe1800-3550 Hz (kureva kuti, kwete patoni yakakosha yemwaranzi yeZSP, asi munzvimbo iyo nzeve yemunhu inonyanya kunzwa).
Zvinonyatso kutaurwa kuti mota dzevagari vemo dzinofanirwa kunge dzakashongedzerwa nemasaini ane ruzha rusingachinji nekufamba kwenguva.Izvi zvinoreva kuti kwete chete mhando dzemimhanzi ZSPs dzinorambidzwa pamotokari dzakajairika, asiwo zviratidzo zvakakosha senge sirens, "quacks" nevamwe.Special-chinangwa zviratidzo zvinoshandiswa chete pane mamwe mapoka emotokari anotsanangurwa muchiyero GOST R 50574-2002 nevamwe.Kushandiswa kusina mvumo kwezviratidzo zvakadaro kunotungamira kune mutoro wekutonga.
Nyaya dzekusarudza uye kuiswa kwechiratidzo chezwi
Kusarudzwa kweZSP kutsiva iyo yakashata kunofanirwa kuitwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwechiratidzo chakaiswa kare uye maitiro ayo.Zvakanakisa kushandisa mudziyo wemhando imwe chete uye modhi (uye nokudaro nhamba yekatalogi) yakashandiswa pamotokari kare.Nekudaro, zvinotenderwa kuisa analogues (asi kwete pawaranti yemotokari) inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekumanikidza kwenzwi uye kuumbwa kwe spectral.Zvakare, chiratidzo chitsva chinofanira kunge chine hunhu hunodiwa hwemagetsi (12 kana 24 V magetsi ekupa) uye mhando, makomo uye materminal.
Hazvigamuchirwi kushandisa michina ine inosiyana frequency yekurira, uye kana midziyo miviri yemafrequency akasiyana akaiswa pamotokari, saka haugone kuisa masaini epamusoro kana akaderera toni.Izvo zvakare hazvina musoro kushandisa yakakwira-yakanyanya pneumatic chiratidzo pamotokari dzevatyairi - izvi zvinogona kutungamirira kune mamwe matambudziko nemutemo.
Horn electromagnetic ruzha masaini
Kutsiviwa kweZSP kunofanira kuitwa maererano nemirayiridzo yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa motokari, uye kuiswa kwechiratidzo chisina kujairika - maererano nemirayiridzo yakabatanidzwa nayo.Kazhinji, basa iri rinouya pasi kusunungura imwe kana maviri screws uye yekubatanidza magetsi ekubatanidza.
Nekusarudzwa kwakaringana nekutsiviwa kwechiratidzo cheinzwi, mota inosangana nezvinodiwa zvekuchengetedza uye inogona kushandiswa zvakajairika mune chero mamiriro.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-26-2023