Motokari imwe neimwe inokwanisa kuzarura mahwindo (musuo) mahwindo, ayo anoshandiswa achishandisa nzira inokosha - hwindo remagetsi.Verenga nezve kuti hwindo remagetsi chii uye kuti rinoita mabasa api, ndeapi marudzi, rinoshanda uye rinoshanda sei muchinyorwa chino.
Chii chinonzi hwindo remagetsi
Iwindo remagetsi inzira yekusimudza nekudzikisa girazi repadivi (gonhi) mahwindo mumotokari, matirakita, zvekurima uye zvimwe midziyo.
Iwindo remagetsi nderokubatsira masisitimu emotokari, inoita
mabasa akati wandei:
• Kudzora nzvimbo yemahwindo emasuo (kusimudza nekudzikisa kwavo);
• Kudzvanya girazi munzvimbo yakasimudzwa kuitira kuti uve nechokwadi chekusimba kwegonhi;
• Kugadzirisa girazi mune chero nzvimbo yakasarudzwa;
• Muchidimbu - kudzivirirwa pakupinda kusina kubvumirwa kumotokari kana hwindo rakavharwa uye ajar (nekuda kwekugadziriswa kwegirazi).
Kuvapo kwehwindo remagetsi mumotokari kunokubvumira kugadzirisa microclimate muimba, ventilate, kubvisa utsi hwefodya, nezvimwewo, zvakare, chigadzirwa ichi chiri nyore chinowedzera kushandiswa kwemotokari, zvichibvumira mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu kudzivisa kuzarura mikova uye kusiya. motokari.
Mhando uye maitiro emahwindo emagetsi
Mahwindo emagetsi anokamurwa zvichienderana nerudzi rwekutyaira uye dhizaini yekusimudza michina.
Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekutyaira, mahwindo emagetsi ndeaya:
• Nemanyorero (mechanical) drive;
• Inoshandiswa nemagetsi.
Mahwindo emaoko haawanzoiswa pamotokari dzemazuva ano dzinotakura vanhu, zvishoma nezvishoma ari kutsiviwa nemahwindo emagetsi (ESP).Manual windows ari nyore mukugadzira uye anogona kushandiswa kunyangwe mota yakamira.MaESPs ari nyore uye akasununguka, asi anogona kungoshandiswa chete kana kubatidza kwavapo.Nokudaro, nzira dzemaoko dzave kushandiswa zvakanyanya pamatarakita, zvakakosha, zvekurima uye zvimwe midziyo, pamwe chete nemarori.
Nekudaro, ESPs dzakakamurwa kuita marudzi maviri zvinoenderana nealgorithm yeiyo control system:
• Nekutungamirira (manual) control - chete magetsi emagetsi ekufambisa motokari anopiwa, iyo inotsiva mechanical window window handle;
• Nemagetsi (automatic) control - chikwata chekugadzirisa magetsi chinopiwa, icho chinowedzera zvakanyanya kukwanisa kwehwindo remagetsi, rinopa mabasa akasiyana-siyana otomatiki.
Mahwindo emagetsi anogona kuve nekusimudza nzira yeimwe yemhando nhatu:
• Cable - girazi rinotungamirirwa uchishandisa tambo yesimbi, ketani kana bhanhire;
• Lever - dhiraivha inoitwa nehurongwa hwemagetsi (imwe kana maviri) nenzira yechitima chegiya;
• Rack uye pinion - girazi rinotyairwa nengoro inofambiswa inofamba ichitevedza rack uye pinion.
Manual power windows inogona kungova netambo uye lever drive mechanism, ESPs dzakashongedzerwa nemadhiraivha emhando dzese.
Iwindo remagetsi rakaiswa mukati memukati megonhi, maitiro anoshandiswa nemaoko ane chibatiso chinobuda pane yemukati yegonhi, muESP iyo control unit iri pane armrest yemusuwo (kune zvakare yepakati control. unit pane dashboard kana console).
Iyo dhizaini uye nheyo yekushanda kweiyo cable hwindo regulator
Kazhinji, tambo yehwindo regulator ine dhiraivha dhiraivha, inochinjika inofamba chinhu, girazi bracket uye inotungamira roller system.
Iyo dhiraivha dhizaini ine chitima chegiya uye yakabatana dhiraivha roller inovimbisa kufamba kwetambo.Chitima chegiya chinogashira torque kubva pachibato kana mota yemagetsi, uye inochishandura kuita kushandura mafambiro echinhu chinoshanduka.Uyewo mumutambo wekutyaira kune chitubu chekuvhara chitubu chinogadzirisa girazi munzvimbo yakasarudzwa.
• Longitudinal groove yekugovera mafuta kune gomba (inoitwa chete pamutsara uri padivi regeji - iyi ndiyo yakaderera huru liner uye yepamusoro yekubatanidza tsvimbo liner);
• Mucollar thrust liners - madziro emativi (makororo) ekugadzirisa kutakura uye kuderedza axial movement ye crankshaft.
Iyo liner chimiro che multilayer, hwaro hwayo iplate yesimbi ine anti-friction coating inoshandiswa kune yayo yekushanda.Icho chifukidzo chinopa kuderedzwa kwekukakavadzana uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa rekutakura, inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvinyoro uye, zvakare, inogonawo kuva yakawanda.Nekuda kwekupfava kwayo kwakadzikira, iyo liner coating inotora zvimedu zvidiki zvekupfeka crankshaft, inodzivirira jamming yezvikamu, scuffing, nezvimwe.
Sechinhu chinoshanduka, tambo yesimbi yediki dhayamita inowanzoshandiswa, asi zvinokwanisika kushandisa ketani uye bhandi renguva.Iyo tambo inonzvenga dhiraivha uye inotungamira rollers, iyo nhamba inogona kuva mbiri, ina kana kupfuura, iyo rollers inorongwa kuitira kuti tambo ine rimwe kana maviri vertical (anodonha) matavi.Mabhureki akaiswa pamatavi aya akabata mupendero wezasi wegirazi.Kune dhiraivha yakavimbika uye kudzivirira kutsvedza, tambo iri padhiraivha yedhiraivha inoiswa mumatende maviri.
Kune marudzi maviri eiyo cable drive mechanism:
• Nebazi rimwe chete rinoshanda - tambo ine rimwe chete vertical bazi, pane iyo girasi regirazi riripo;
• Nematavi maviri anoshanda - tambo inodarika ma rollers akawanda uye ine matavi maviri akamira pane iyo mabhureki anogadzika magirazi aripo.
Mahwindo etambo anowanzo shandisa njanji muchimiro cheraki kana chubhu, iyo inomhanya ichitevedza matavi akatwasuka etambo uye inova nechokwadi chekufamba kwakaringana kwebhureki.Kuti udzivirire kubva pakupfeka uye kuora, tambo iri pamatavi ekupa yakavharwa mumucheka wepurasitiki.Uye kubhadhara kusunungurwa kwetambo yetambo, cable slack sarudzo zvitubu zvinopiwa, izvo zviri kumagumo etambo, zvichibatanidza muvharo yakavharwa.
Iyo tambo yehwindo regulator inoshanda zviri nyore: torque kubva pachibato kana kubva kumagetsi mota inoendeswa kune dhiraivha mashini, inoshandurwa nechitima chegiya uye ichiendeswa kune drive roller.Iyo tambo iri pamotokari roller inogamuchira shanduro yekushandura, uye, zvichienderana nekutungamira kwekufamba, inosimudza kana kuderedza girazi nerubatsiro rwemabhureki.Kana iyo dhiraivha inomira, iyo latch inoshandiswa (inogona kungova chitubu kana chigadziri chakaomarara), uye girazi rinomira munzvimbo yakasarudzwa.
Iyo dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo lever hwindo regulator
Iyo lever hwindo regulator ine dhiraivha dhizaini, lever system uye yekumashure ine girazi rinokwira bracket.
Iyo dhiraivha dhizaini ine giya rekutyaira, iro rinogashira torque kubva pamubato kana mota yemagetsi, uye chikamu chegiya.Iyo lever yakanyatsobatanidzwa kune iyo mazino sector, kune yakatarisana kumagumo kune iyo roller yediki dhayamita.Iyo roller inopinda mukati meiyo slot ye rocker, iyo yakabatanidzwa kune bracket uye yakasimba yakagadziriswa pamucheto wezasi wegirazi.
Kune akatiwandei emhando yehwindo revhavha:
• Nechitsigiro chimwe;
• Nehurongwa hwemagetsi ("scissors"), imwe yadzo ishe, uye imwe kana maviri mamwe varanda;
• Nemaoko maviri ekutyaira.
Iwindo remagetsi rine maoko maviri ekutyaira rakarongeka rakafanana nemeshini ine lever imwe, asi ine zvikamu zviviri zvegiya zvakabatana negiya rekutyaira uye kutakura magiya.Iyo michina ine lever system yakanyanya kuoma, ine imwe chete yekutyaira lever, uye akati wandei anobatsira marevheti anopa kusimudza nekudzikisa girazi nekutsigirwa kwegirazi pamapoinzi maviri.Rudzi urwu rwemashini inodzivirira kusimudza kuenzana uye kudzikisa girazi rinowanikwa mumichina ine maoko maviri ekutyaira.
Iyo lever hwindo regulator inoshanda zviri nyore: iyo torque kubva pachibato kana yemagetsi mota inofambiswa kuburikidza nedhiraivha giya kuenda kuchikamu chegiya, uye inoshandurwa kuita yekushandura yekufambisa kwerevheti.Nedivi rakapesana, iyo lever inosundira kumashure uye girazi rakabatana naro, kutamiswa kwerevhisi kunobhadharwa nekutsvedza roller yayo padivi pegorofu rekumashure.Kugadzirisa girazi munzvimbo yakasarudzwa inoitwa ne spring locking mechanism.
Dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda kweiyo rack uye pinion hwindo regulator
Iyo rack uye pinion hwindo regulator ine yakanyanya nyore mudziyo.Iyo meshini yakavakirwa pachingoro chinosanganisa giya rekutyaira, mota yemagetsi uye girazi rinokwira bhuraketi.Iyo inotakura iri pane yakamiswa yakamira rack uye pinion kuitira kuti giya rekutyaira ribatane nemazino eiyo rack, uye rack inoshandawo segwara rekutakura.
Iyo rack uye pinion ESP inoshanda zviri nyore: torque kubva mumotokari yemagetsi inopihwa kune giya rekutyaira, inotanga kutenderera ichitevedza rack uye kudhonza ngoro yese kumashure kwayo - iyi ndiyo nzira inosimuka kana kudonha girazi.Kana ngoro inomira, giya rinovhara uye girazi rinogadziriswa munzvimbo yakasarudzwa.
Zvimiro zvekutonga uye kushanda kwemahwindo emagetsi
Mukupedzisa, mazwi mashoma nezve manejimendi eESP.Pamhando dzekutanga dzemidziyo, kutonga kwakananga kwakashandiswa, umo mubato wakatsiviwa nebhatani kana mabhatani ekudzora mota yemagetsi.Nzira yakadaro iri nyore, asi ine zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda, saka yakatsiviwa nemagetsi ekugadzirisa maitiro ane mabasa akawanda.Semuenzaniso, girazi rinogona kusimudzwa nekudzikiswa nekapfupi kapfupi kiyi yekudzora kiyi, iyo system inogona kuvhara mahwindo kana uchisunga mota, nezvimwe.
Iwindo remazuva ano regulator haisisiri nzira chete, asi yakaoma system ine sensors, control uye actuators, iyo inoita kuti mota ive nyore uye yakasununguka.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-22-2023