Mukufambisa kwemarori eKAMAZ, interaxle uye cross-axle kusiyana kunopihwa, umo nzvimbo yepakati inogarwa nemichinjikwa.Dzidza nezvekuti muchinjikwa chii, rudzii, mashandiro aunoita uye mabasa api aunoita, pamwe nekusarudzwa nekutsiviwa kwezvikamu izvi kubva muchinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi KAMAZ musiyano wemuchinjikwa?
Muchinjikwa wekusiyanisa kweKAMAZ chikamu chepakati uye kuyambuka-axle kusiyanisa kwekutyaira axles emotokari dzeKAMAZ;Chikamu chemuchinjikwa chinoita sematemo emagiya esatellite.
Muchinjikwa chimwe chezvikamu zvikuru zvemarudzi ese akasiyana-siyana - ese ari maviri muchinjiko-axle, ari mumagiya mabhokisi eese madhiraivha axles, uye inter-axle, akaiswa pane yepakati axle.Ichi chikamu chine mabasa akati wandei:
● Kuita sema axles ekusiyanisa satellites - magiya akaiswa pazvipikisi zvemuchinjikwa uye anotenderera zvakasununguka pairi;
● Pakati pezvikamu zvekubatanidza zvekusiyanisa - satellites uye magiya e-axle shafts;
● Kuendesa torque kubva kune imba yekusiyanisa kuenda kuma satellite uyezve kune magiya eaxle shafts (mune mamwe marudzi emayuniti aya, torque inotumirwa zvakananga kuburikidza nemuchinjiko);
● Kugoverwa kwakafanana kwemutoro pamagiya e-axle shafts - izvi zvinoderedza mutoro wemagetsi ose, kuwedzera hupenyu hwavo hwebasa uye kuvimbika kune zvakakosha torques;
● Mafuta ekuzora kune bushings (plain bearings) yemasatelliti.
Mamiriro emuchinjikwa anonyanya kuenderana nekushanda kwekusiyanisa, kushanda kwekutengesa torque uye kuvimbika.Muchinjikwa wakashata unofanirwa kugadziriswa kana kutsiviwa, asi usati watenga chikamu chitsva, unofanirwa kunzwisisa mhando dzemichinjikwa yeKAMAZ, maitiro avo uye kushanda.
Mhando, dhizaini uye maficha eKAMAZ akasiyana michinjikwa
Yese michinjikwa yeKAMAZ yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru zvichienderana nekushanda kwavo:
● Michinjikwa ye-cross-axle differentials (drive axle gearboxes);
● Michinjikwa yepakati.
Michinjikwa yerudzi rwekutanga inoshandiswa mumisiyano yegiya mabhokisi eese maaxles ekutyaira - kumberi, kwepakati (kana iripo) uye kumashure.Pano, chikamu ichi chinovimbisa kugoverwa kwe torque pakati peaxle shafts pakumhanya kusina kuenzana kwekutenderera kwemavhiri ekurudyi nekuruboshwe.
Kusangana kwakasiyana kwemuchinjiko nema satellite
Michinjikwa yerudzi rwechipiri chikamu chakakosha chepakati misiyano inoiswa chete pane yepakati dhiraivha maekisi emota dzine mavhiri formula 6 × 4 uye 6 × 6, uye yakananga kutapurirana torque kune epakati uye kumashure maekisi (pasina kutamisa kesi).Pano, chikamu ichi chinovimbisa kugoverwa kwe torque pakati pepakati uye kumashure maaxles pakumhanya kusina kuenzana kwekutenderera kwemavhiri avo.
Michinjikwa yemhando mbiri ine dhizaini yakafanana mumusimboti.Ichi chikamu chakasimba umo zvikamu zviviri zvinogona kusiyaniswa: mhete yepakati (hub), pamwe nedenderedzwa iro mana maspikes anowanikwa akaenzana.Gomba riri muhubhu rinoshanda pakati pechikamu uye kufambisa, uye pakati pekusiyanisa, yekumashure axle drive shaft inopfuura nepairi.Satellite magiya uye anotsigira washer anoiswa pane spikes kuburikidza nemakwenzi, kudzivirira zvakananga kusangana kwema satellite nemichina yemakomisheni edzimba dzekusiyanisa.
Iyo spikes ine shanduko-yakasiyana-siyana: pamativi akatarisana nepakati peiyo crosspiece, mabhavhu anobviswa muzinga rimwechete nendege yehubhu yemuchinjikwa.Lysks inova nechokwadi chekuyerera kwemafuta kune bushings yema satellite uye kubviswa kwezvimedu zvekupfeka kubva kwavari.Mabofu mapofu ekudzika kwakadzika anowanzo kucherwa pamagumo epikisi, izvo zvinofambisa kugadziriswa kwechikamu.Zvakare, ma chamfers anobviswa pamigumo kuti zvive nyore kuisirwa muchinjikwa mune inosiyana dzimba.Iyo dhayamita yezvitsigiro zvemichinjikwa ye-cross-axle kusiyana kweKAMAZ ndeye 28.0-28.11 mm, iyo dhayamita yezvipfeko zvemichinjikwa yepakati pekusiyanisa iri muhupamhi hwe21.8-21.96 mm.
Yese michinjikwa inogadzirwa nesimbi yezvimiro zvemagiredhi 15X, 18X, 20X uye mamwe nekupisa kutsika (forging) inoteverwa nekutendeuka, pamusoro pezvidzitiro zvezvikamu zvakapedzwa zvinoiswa mukupisa kwekupisa (carburizing kusvika pakadzika 1.2 mm, kudzima uye subsequent tempering) kuzadzisa kuomarara kunodiwa uye kuramba kupfeka abrasive.
Kune mhando mbiri dzemichinjikwa yepakati misiyano yemotokari dzeKAMAZ:
● Negomba rakatsetseka repakati;
● Ine slotted hub.
Zvikamu zverudzi rwekutanga zvine dhizaini yakatsanangurwa pamusoro, iyo inoshandiswa pakati pekusiyanisa, yakagadzirwa maererano neyechinyakare chirongwa - nekuchinjisa torque kubva kune propeller shaft kuenda kune yakasarudzika imba, iyo iyo muchinjikwa wakabatanidzwa zvakasimba.Zvikamu zverudzi rwechipiri zvine hubhu yehupamhi yakawedzera, muchikamu chemukati icho longitudinal splines inogadzirwa.Iyi michinjikwa inoshandiswa pakati pekusiyanisa kwemhando nyowani (yakaiswa paKAMAZ-6520 marori ekurasa uye zvigadziriso zvichibva pazviri kubva 2009) - nekufambiswa kwe torque kubva kune propeller shaft yakananga kune crosspiece.Misiyano yerudzi urwu yakawedzera compact uye nyore, asi mavari muchinjiko unoiswa kumitoro yakakwira, saka zvakanyanya kuomesesa zvinodiwa zvinoiswa pakugadzira kwavo uye mhando.
Center musiyano KAMAZ-6520 musangano
Kushanda kweD-pads mumisiyano kuri nyore.Muchinjika-axle musiyano, inoshanda chete sema axle emasatelliti.Muchinjikwa wakanyatsoiswa pakati pemabhodhoro edzimba akasiyana, ayo anoiswawo mukati megiya rinofambiswa regiya guru.Kana giya richitenderera, musiyano unotenderera panguva imwe chete, ma satellite akasungirirwa pamuchinjiko, akabatanidzwa nemagiya e-axle shafts, achivaunza mukutenderera, kuve nechokwadi chekufambiswa kwe torque kumavhiri ekutyaira.Paunenge uchikona kana kutyaira mumigwagwa yakanyorova, ma satellite anotenderera pamaspikes emuchinjiko, achipa kumhanya kwakasiyana kwemavhiri.
Pakati pekusiyanisa, michinjikwa inoita mabasa akafanana, asi nerubatsiro rwavo torque inogoverwa pakati peakisi yekutyaira.
Nyaya dzekusarudza uye kutsiva michinjikwa yeKAMAZ kusiyana
Michinjikwa yakasiyana-siyana inoiswa kune mitoro yakakwirira panguva yekushanda kwemotokari, saka nekufamba kwenguva inosakara uye inokanganisa.Mamiriro echikamu ichi anotariswa panguva yekugadziriswa kwechinyakare kana panguva yekugadziriswa kweiyo drive axle.Kana machipisi, scuffs, kuputika uye kumwe kukuvadza kunowanikwa pamuchinjikwa, saka inofanira kutsiviwa.Kana maspikes emuchinjiko ane zvimiro zveabrasive kupfeka nekuderera kwedhayamita, saka anogona kudzoreredzwa nesimbi yakatarisana nekukuya, asi nhasi zviri nyore uye zvakachipa kutenga muchinjikwa mutsva.Kana zvikanganiso zvakaonekwa mumasetelliti uye washers (chips, kusaenzana kwemazino kupfeka, kuputika uye kuputsika mumeno, nezvimwewo), zvino inofanira kuchinjwa pamwe chete ne crosspiece, uye seti yakakwana (ine bushings uye thrust washers).
KAMAZ kuyambuka-axle musiyano
Michinjikwa yakasiyana-siyana inoiswa kune mitoro yakakwirira panguva yekushanda kwemotokari, saka nekufamba kwenguva inosakara uye inokanganisa.Mamiriro echikamu ichi anotariswa panguva yekugadziriswa kwechinyakare kana panguva yekugadziriswa kweiyo drive axle.Kana machipisi, scuffs, kuputika uye kumwe kukuvadza kunowanikwa pamuchinjikwa, saka inofanira kutsiviwa.Kana maspikes emuchinjiko ane zvimiro zveabrasive kupfeka nekuderera kwedhayamita, saka anogona kudzoreredzwa nesimbi yakatarisana nekukuya, asi nhasi zviri nyore uye zvakachipa kutenga muchinjikwa mutsva.Kana zvikanganiso zvakaonekwa mumasetelliti uye washers (chips, kusaenzana kwemazino kupfeka, kuputika uye kuputsika mumeno, nezvimwewo), zvino inofanira kuchinjwa pamwe chete ne crosspiece, uye seti yakakwana (ine bushings uye thrust washers).
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-05-2023