Motokari dzakawanda nematarakita anoshandisa exhaust system, iyo inosanganisira zvikamu zvekubatsira - pombi dzekudya.Verenga zvese nezvepombi dzekudya, mhando dzadzo dziripo, dhizaini uye kushanda, pamwe nekusarudzwa kwakaringana nekutsiviwa kwezvikamu izvi muchinyorwa chino.
Chii chinonzi pombi yekukweva?
Iyo pombi yekupinza (pipe yekupinza) chinhu chekuburitsa gasi exhaust system yeinjini dzinopisa mukati;Pombi pfupi yeimwe mbiri uye muchinjiko-chikamu, iyo inovimbisa kugamuchirwa kwemagasi kubva kune exhaust manifold kana turbocharger uye kugovera kwavo kune zvinotevera zvinhu zveexhaust system.
Iyo exhaust system yemotokari nemimwe midziyo igadziriro yemapombi uye zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinopa kubviswa kwemagasi anopisa kubva muinjini kuenda mumhepo uye kuderedza kubuda kwemhepo.Paunenge uchisiya injini, magasi ane tembiricha yakanyanya uye kudzvanywa, saka iyo yakanyanya kusimba uye inodzivirira kupisa chinhu chiri pano - iyo yakawanda yekubuda.Mapombi ane zvinosunga moto, resonators, mufflers, neutralizers uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinobva muunganidzi.Nekudaro, mune dzakawanda masisitimu, kuisirwa kwepombi dzekudyara hakuitirwe zvakananga kune muunganidzi, asi kuburikidza neadapter element - pfupi yekupinza pombi.
Iyo pombi yekutora inogadzirisa akati wandei matambudziko mune exhaust system:
● Kugamuchirwa kwemagasi emhepo kubva kune yakawanda uye nzira yavo kune pombi yekugamuchira;
● Kutenderera kwekubuda kwegasi kuyerera pakona iyo inopa nzvimbo yakakodzera yezvinhu zvinotevera zvehurongwa;
● Mumapombi ane vibration compensators - vibration kuparadzaniswa kwejini uye exhaust system.
Iyo pombi yekupinda yakakosha pakuvhara dhizaini yekubuda uye kushanda kwayo kwakajairika, saka, kana paine kukuvara kana kupera simba, chikamu ichi chinoda kutsiviwa nekukurumidza.Uye nokuda kwechisarudzo chakanaka chepombi, zvakakosha kunzwisisa marudzi aripo, magadzirirwo uye maitiro ezvikamu izvi.
Exhaust system nekushandiswa kwepombi dzinopinza
Mhando uye dhizaini yekupinza mapaipi
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa ipapo kuti mapombi ekudya haashandiswe muinjini dzese - chikamu ichi chinowanzo kuwanikwa pazvikamu zvemarori, matirakita uye akasiyana akasiyana midziyo, uye pamotokari dzevatyairi, kugashira mapaipi ezvirongwa zvakasiyana-siyana anowanzoshandiswa.Mapombi anopinza ari nyore mumagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, uko kunodiwa kuita kubviswa kuri nyore kwemagasi kubva kune exhaust manifold kana turbocharger munzvimbo yakavharirwa.Saka kana uchigadzirisa hurongwa, unofanira kutanga waona kuti pane pombi mukati maro, kana iwe uchida pombi yekugamuchira.
Mapombi ese ekutora akakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru zvichienderana nekugadzira uye kushanda:
● Mapombi akajairika;
● Nozzles akasanganiswa ne vibration compensator.
Mapombi akareruka ane dhizaini yakareruka: ipombi yesimbi yakatwasuka kana yakabhenda inochinja-chinja-chinja, kumativi ose maviri ayo kune maflange ekubatanidza ane maburi ezvitubu, mabhaudhi kana zvimwe zvinosunga.Mapombi akatwasuka anogona kugadzirwa nekutsikisa kana kubva muzvikamu zvepombi, mapombi akabhenda anogadzirwa nekuisa akati wandei ma blanks - madziro akadhindwa madziro uye zvindori zvine flanges.Kazhinji, kukwirisa flanges kunogadzirwa nenzira yemhete kana mahwendefa akasununguka akaiswa papombi, kudzvanywa kwepombi kune zvikamu zvekusangana (mapaipi, manifold, turbocharger) anopiwa ne welded flanges yehukuru hudiki.Kune zvakare ma nozzles asina kukwirisa flanges, iwo akaiswa newelding kana crimping nenzira yesimbi clamps.
Nozzles ane majoini ekuwedzera ane dhizaini yakaoma.Nheyo yekugadzira ihwowo pombi yesimbi, pamagumo ekupera ayo kune vibration compensator, iyo inopa vibration kuparadzaniswa kwezvikamu zvekugadzirisa.Iyo compensator inowanzosungirirwa kune pombi, chikamu ichi chinogona kuva chemhando mbiri:
● Bellows - corrugated pipe (inogona kuva imwe-uye maviri-layer, inogona kuva nekunze nemukati yakarukwa yakagadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina);
● Hose yesimbi ipombi yesimbi yakamonyoroka ine chirukwa chekunze (inogonawo kuva nechirukwa chemukati).
Mapaipi ane majoini ekuwedzera akashongedzerwawo nekubatanidza flanges, asi sarudzo dzekuisa dzinogoneka uchishandisa welding kana tie zvisungo.
Mapombi ekupinza anogona kuve neanogara kana kuchinjika muchinjiko-chikamu.Kuwedzera mapaipi anonyanya kushandiswa, umo, nekuda kwekusiyana-siyana kwepakati-chikamu, kune kudonha kwehuwandu hwekuyerera kwemagasi ekupedza.Zvakare, zvikamu zvacho zvinogona kunge zvine chimiro chakasiyana:
● Pombi yakatwasuka;
● Angle pipe ine bend ye30, 45 kana 90 degrees.
Manozzles akatwasuka anoshandiswa mumasisitimu uko mabhendi anodiwa kushandura kuyerera kwegasi anopiwa mune exhaust manifold uye / kana mumapombi anotevera.Mapaipi emakona anonyanya kushandiswa kushandura kuyerera kwegasi kudzika pasi kana kudivi uye kumashure kune injini.Iko kushandiswa kwemakona mapaipi kunokubvumira kuti ugadzire iyo yekuburitsa sisitimu yeinodiwa gadziriso yekumisikidzwa kuri nyore pane furemu kana pasi pemuviri wemotokari.
Inlet pombi ine mabhero vibration compensator Inlet pombi ine vibration
compensator muchimiro chesimbi hose ine braid
Kuiswa kwepombi dzekudya kunoitwa pamapoinzi maviri makuru eiyo exhaust system:
● Pakati pekupedza manifold, compensator uye intake pipe;
● Pakati pe turbocharger, compensator uye pombi yekupinda.
Muchiitiko chekutanga, magasi emhepo kubva kumuunganidzi anopinda mupombi, kwaanogona kutenderera pakona ye 30-90 degrees, uyezve kuburikidza neine vibration compensator (yakaparadzana mabhero kana simbi hose) inopinzwa mupombi kune muffler ( catalyst, chinosunga moto, nezvimwewo).Muchiitiko chechipiri, magasi anopisa kubva pamagetsi emagetsi anotanga kupinda mu turbine chikamu che turbocharger, apo vanopa zvishoma simba ravo uye chete ipapo vanobudiswa kune pombi yekutora.Ichi chirongwa chinoshandiswa pamotokari zhinji uye zvimwe midziyo yemotokari ine turbocharged injini.
Muzviitiko zvinotsanangurwa, pombi yekupinda inobatanidzwa nedivi rayo rekubuda kune iyo vibration compensator, yakagadzirwa muchimiro chechikamu chakasiyana chine maflange ayo uye fasteners.Sistimu yakadaro haina kuvimbika uye inotapukirwa nekudengenyeka kunokuvadza, saka nhasi mapaipi anonyanya kushandiswa akabatanidzwa ekuwedzera majoini.Zvirongwa zvavo zvekubatanidza zvakafanana kune zvakaratidzwa pamusoro, asi ivo havana vanozvimiririra compensator uye fasteners yavo.
Kuiswa kwepombi kunoitwa uchishandisa studs kana mabhaudhi anopfuura nemaflanges.Kuiswa chisimbiso kwemajoini kunoitwa nekuisa gaskets yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvisingabatike.
Nzira yekusarudza uye kutsiva pombi yekupinda
Iyo pombi yekudyara ye exhaust system inoiswa kune akakosha ekupisa uye mekiniki mitoro, saka, panguva yekushanda kwemota, zvikamu izvi zvinowanzoda kutsiviwa nekuda kwekukanganisa, kuputika uye kupisa.Kusashanda kwepombi kunoratidzwa nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemheremhere uye kuzununguka kweiyo exhaust system, uye mune dzimwe nguva nekurasikirwa kweinjini simba uye kuderera kwekushanda kweiyo turbocharger (sezvo maitiro ekushanda kweyuniti akavhiringidzika).Mapaipi ane kuputika, kupisa uye kuputsika (kusanganisira kusashanda kweiyo integrated vibration compensator) inofanira kuchinjwa.
Kuti utsive, unofanirwa kusarudza pombi yemhando imwechete (nhamba yecatalog) yakaiswa kare.Nekudaro, kana zvichidikanwa, unogona kushandisa analogues, chero bedzi iwo anoenderana zvizere nechikamu chepakutanga maererano nekuiswa zviyero uye muchinjiko-chikamu.Kana mapaipi akaparadzana uye majoini ekuwedzera akaiswa pamotokari, zvino zviri nani kushandisa zvikamu zvakafanana zvekutsiviwa, zvisinei, kana zvichidikanwa, zvinogona kutsiviwa nemapombi ane compensator akabatanidzwa.Reverse replacement inogamuchirwawo, asi haigone kuitwa nguva dzose, sezvo munyaya iyi iwe uchafanirwa kushandisa mamwe mabheji uye zvisimbiso, kuitira kuiswa kwacho kungave kusina nzvimbo yekusununguka.
Kutsiviwa kwepombi kunoitwa maererano nemirayiridzo yekugadzirisa motokari.Kazhinji, basa iri rinoitwa zviri nyore: zvakakwana kubvisa pombi (kana compensator) kubva pombi, uye wozobvisa pombi pachayo kubva kune manifold / turbocharger.Zvisinei, mabasa aya anowanzoomeswa nenzungu dzakaomeswa kana mabhaudhi, ayo anofanira kutanga abvarurwa nerubatsiro rwezvishandiso zvakakosha.Paunenge uchiisa pombi itsva, zvese zvakapihwa zvisimbiso zvinhu (gaskets) zvinofanirwa kuiswawo, kana zvisina kudaro sisitimu haizovharwa.
Nekusarudzwa kwakarurama uye kuchinjwa kwepombi yekupinda, iyo inopedza simba ichaita zvakavimbika mabasa ayo mumhando dzose dzekushanda kwechikwata chemagetsi.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-14-2023