Mumotokari dzemazuva ano uye mabhazi, akabatanidzwa headlight lighting devices - block headlights - anoshandiswa zvakanyanya.Verenga pamusoro pekuti chii chinonzi headlight unit, kuti yakasiyana sei kubva kune yakajairwa headlight, ndeapi mhando, kuti inoshanda sei, pamwe nekusarudzwa kwemidziyo iyi - verenga munyaya ino.
Chii chinonzi robhoti?
A headlamp unit mudziyo wemagetsi wekuvhenekesa une marambi emusoro uye mamwe (kana ese) emarambi echiratidzo kuti awane kumberi kwemotokari.Iyo headlight unit idhizaini imwe chete, iri nyore kuisa nekubvisa, inochengetedza nzvimbo uye inopa inoyevedza kutaridzika kwemota.
Iyo headlight unit inogona kusanganisa zvikamu zvakasiyana zvemwenje wemotokari:
• Mwenje wemberi wakanyudzwa;
• Mwenje wemwenje wepamusoro;
• Zviratidzo zvekutungamirira;
• Mwenje wekupaka pamberi;
• Masikati emwenje (DRL).
Iwo mavhenekeri akajairika ane danda rakadzika uye rakakwirira, chiratidzo chekutungamira uye mwenje wedivi, DRL iri nyore kuisa pazasi peyero yemwenje, munyaya iyi vanonyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa zveGOST.Magetsi emhute haana kubatanidzwa muchikamu chemwenje, sezvo kuiswa kwavo pamotokari kusingadiwi.
Mhando uye maitiro emwenje
Zviedza zvemusoro zvinogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka zvichienderana nemusimboti wekuumbwa kwemwenje wemwenje unoshandiswa mumusoro optics, gadziriso uye nhamba yezvigadziriso zvemwenje, mhando yeakaisirwa mwenje masosi (marambi) uye mamwe maitiro ekugadzira.
Zvinoenderana nenhamba yezvigadziriso zvemwenje, mwenje wemusoro wakakamurwa kuva marudzi akati wandei:
• Standard - chiedza chepamusoro chinosanganisira musoro optics, chiratidzo chekutungamira uye chiedza chekupaka chemberi;
• Yakawedzerwa - kuwedzera kune midziyo yekuvhenekesa iri pamusoro, DRLs inosanganisirwa mumusoro.
Panguva imwecheteyo, mabhuroka emusoro anogona kuve nekumisikidzwa kwakasiyana kwezvigadziriso zvemwenje:
• Head optics - yakasanganiswa yakaderera uye yakakwira bhanhire mwenje, mwenje wakaparadzana kune yakaderera uye yakakwirira matanda, pamwe nekubatanidzwa kweyakasanganiswa headlamp uye imwe yakawedzera yakakwirira bhanhire headlamp inogona kushandiswa;
• Mwenje yekupaka pamberi - inogona kuitwa muchikamu chakasiyana cheiyo headlight unit (ive neyayo reflector uye diffuser), kana kuti inowanikwa zvakananga muchiedza chepamusoro, pedyo nerambi guru;
• Mwenje yemasikati - inogona kugadzirwa nenzira yemarambi ega ega muchikamu chavo chemwenje, asi kazhinji inotora chimiro che tepi pazasi pemwenje kana zvindori zvakapoteredza mwenje.Sezvo mutemo, ma LED DRL anoshandiswa mu blocklights.
Zvinoenderana nemusimboti wekugadzira mwenje wemwenje mumusoro optics yemwenje, iyo unit, seyakajairwa, yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru:
• Reflective (reflex) - zvigadziriso zvemwenje zviri nyore zvakashandiswa muhunyanzvi hwemotokari kwemakumi emakore akawanda.Musoro wakadaro wakashongedzerwa neparabolic kana yakanyanya kuomarara reflector (reflector), iyo inounganidza uye inoratidza chiedza kubva kune mwenje mberi, kuve nechokwadi chekuumbwa kwemuganhu unodiwa wekucheka;
• Searchlights (projection, lensed) - michina yakaoma yakave yakakurumbira mumakore gumi apfuura.Chiedza chepamusoro chakadaro chine elliptical reflector uye lens yakaiswa pamberi payo, iyi yose inounganidza chiedza kubva pamwenje uye inoumba danda rine simba rine muganhu unodiwa wekucheka.
Reflective headlights zviri nyore uye zvakachipa, asi mwenje wekutsvaga unoumba mwenje une simba rakawanda, uine diki diki.Kuwedzera kukurumbira kwemafashama emagetsi kunokonzerwawo nekuti iwo akanyatsokodzera marambi exenon.
Lenticular optics
Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemarambi emusoro anoshandiswa, mwenje weblock unogona kukamurwa kuita kwete mana marudzi:
• Nemarambi e-incandescent - mazhenje ekare emotokari dzomumba, ayo nhasi anoshandiswa chete kugadzirisa;
• Kwemarambi ehalogen - mavhenekeri anowanzoonekwa nhasi, anobatanidza mutengo wakaderera, simba guru rinopenya rinopenya uye kuvimbika;
• Kune gas-discharge xenon mwenje - yemazuva ano inodhura mwenje inopa kupenya kukuru kwekuvhenekera;
• Nemarambi e LED - malights asingawanzo kujairika nhasi, ane mutengo wakakwira, kunyangwe iwo akasimba uye akavimbika.
Magetsi emazuva ano anosangana nezviyero zvazvino akakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri zvichienderana nerudzi rwekubatanidzwa kwechiratidzo chiratidzo:
• Chiratidzo chekutungamira chine pachena (chena) diffuser - mwenje une amber girobhu inofanira kushandiswa muchiedza chakadaro;
• Chiratidzo chekutungamira chine yero diffuser - rambi rakadaro rinoshandisa rambi rine girobhu rinoonekera (risina pendi).
Chekupedzisira, mwenje webhuroka pamusika unoshanda, mazhinji ezvishandiso izvi anogona chete kuiswa pamotokari dzemhando yemhando yemhando, uyezve, dhizaini yemwenje mizhinji inogadzirwa yega kune imwe mota modhi.Zvese izvi zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa pakusarudza uye kutenga headlight unit yemota.
Dhizaini uye zvimiro zvemwenje
Mwenje yese yemazuva ano ine dhizaini yakangofanana, inosiyana chete neruzivo.Kazhinji, mudziyo une zvinotevera zvinhu:
1.Housing - iyo inotakura-mutoro chimiro pane iyo yakasara yezvikamu yakaiswa;
2.Reflector kana zviratidziro - zviratidziro zvechiedza chemusoro uye zvimwe zvigadziriso zvekuvhenekesa, zvinogona kubatanidzwa mune chimwe chimiro kana kugadzirwa nenzira yezvikamu zvakasiyana, kazhinji zvakagadzirwa nepurasitiki uye zvine metallized mirror pamusoro;
3.Diffuser igirazi kana plastiki mapaneru echimiro chakaoma chinodzivirira zvikamu zvemukati zvemwenje (mwenje uye reflector) kubva kune zvakaipa zvinokanganisa zvakatipoteredza, uye inobatanidzwa mukuumbwa kwechiedza chechiedza.Inogona kuva yakasimba kana kugoverwa muzvikamu.Nzvimbo yemukati yakasvibiswa, chikamu chepamusoro chedanda chinogona kutsetseka;
4.Light sources - marambi emhando imwe kana imwe;
5.Adjustment screws - iri kumashure kwechiedza chepamusoro, zvakakosha kugadzirisa magetsi.
Nyeredzi dzemhando dzekutsvaga dzinosiyana mukugadzira, ivo zvakare vane lens yekuunganidza yakaiswa pamberi pechiratidziro, pamwe nechidzitiro chinofambiswa (keteni, hood) ine dhiraivha dhizaini yakavakirwa pamagetsi.Iyo skrini inoshandura inopenya flux kubva pamwenje, ichipa switch pakati pepasi uye yakakwirira danda.Kazhinji, xenon headlights ane dhizaini yakadaro.
Zvakare, zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kuwanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemwenje:
• Mumagetsi e-xenon - chikwata chemagetsi chekudzima uye kutonga kwemwenje we xenon;
• Magetsi headlight corrector - injini yakagadzirirwa kugadzirisa chiedza chepamusoro kubva mumotokari, inoshandiswa kuti iwane kusimba kwekutungamirirwa kwechiedza chechiedza pasinei nemutoro wemotokari uye mamiriro ekufambisa.
Kuiswa kwemayuniti emwenje pamotokari kunoitwa, sekutonga, ine maviri kana matatu screws uye latches kuburikidza nekuvhara gaskets, mafuremu anogona kushandiswa kuwana imwe yekushongedza mhedzisiro.
Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kugadzirwa kwezvivheneko zvemusoro, magadzirirwo avo, kuumbwa kwezvigadziriso zvekuvhenekesa uye maitiro akanyatso kudzorwa, zvinofanirwa kuenderana nezviyero (GOST R 41.48-2004 uye vamwe vamwe), izvo zvinoratidzwa pamuviri wavo kana diffuser.
Kusarudzwa uye kushanda kwemwenje
Sarudzo yemayuniti emwenje inogumira, sezvo mazhinji ezvigadzirwa zvemwenje zvemhando dzakasiyana dzemotokari (uye kazhinji kune akasiyana magadzirirwo emhando imwechete) hazvienderane uye hazvichinjike.Naizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kutenga malights emhando idzi uye nhamba dzekarodha dzakagadzirirwa iyo chaiyo mota.
Kune rumwe rutivi, kune boka guru rezviedza zvepasi rose zvinogona kuiswa panzvimbo yezviedza zvemazuva ose kana kunyange mwenje wepamusoro pamotokari dzomumba, marori nemabhazi.Muchiitiko ichi, iwe unofanirwa kuterera kune maitiro eiyo headlight, kugadzirisa kwayo uye kumaka.Zvinoenderana nehunhu, zvese zviri nyore - iwe unofanirwa kusarudza mwenje we12 kana 24 V (zvichienderana nemagetsi ekupa mota pa-board network).Nezvekugadziriswa kuri kuita, mwenje wemusoro unofanirwa kunge uine zvikamu zvekuvhenekesa izvo zvinofanirwa kunge zviri pamotokari.
Kunyanya kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune rudzi rwechiedza sosi mumusoro wemwenje - inogona kunge iri halogen mwenje, xenon kana LEDs.Zvinoenderana nezviyero, marambi exenon anogona kushandiswa mumarambi emusoro akagadzirirwa chete rudzi urwu rwemwenje sosi.Ndokunge, kuzvimisikidza kwe xenon mune akajairwa malights anorambidzwa - izvi zvakazara nezvirango zvakakomba.
Kuti uone kuti chiedza chepamusoro chinopindirana nemamwe marudzi emarambi, unofanirwa kutarisa kumaka kwayo.Iko mukana wekuisa xenon unoratidzwa mukumaka nemavara DC (yakaderera danda), DR (yakakwirira danda) kana DC / R (yakaderera uye yakakwirira danda).Iwo marambi emarambi ehalogen akanyorwa zvakateerana HC, HR uye HC/R.Mwenje dzese dzemberi dzakapihwa murambi uyu dzakamakwa.Semuenzaniso, kana paine mwenje wehalogen uye mwenje wexenon mumwenje wemusoro, ipapo unozoiswa chiratidzo nerudzi HC/R DC/R, kana mwenje wehalogen uye mwenje maviri exenon ari HC/R DC DR, nezvimwe.
Nekusarudzwa kwakakodzera kwemwenje, mota ichagamuchira zvese zvinodiwa zvekuvhenekesa zvigadziriso, ichaenderana nemirairo iripo uye inochengetedza kuchengetedzwa mumigwagwa chero nguva yemasikati kana husiku.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-21-2023