Mune chero giya bhokisi, senge mune chero mekiniki mudziyo une zvikamu zvinotenderera, kune anotenderedza mabheji muhuwandu hunosvika gumi nemaviri kana kupfuura zvidimbu.Verenga zvese nezve gearbox mabhengi, mhando dzawo, dhizaini uye hunhu, pamwe nesarudzo chaiyo uye kutsiva kwezvikamu izvi muchinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi gearbox kutakura?
Gearbox kutakura (gearbox kutakura) - chikamu chegiya bhokisi remidziyo yemotokari;kutenderedza kweimwe dhizaini kana imwe, ichiita sezvitsigiro zveshafts uye magiya egiya bhokisi.
Zvichienderana nerudzi rwayo, huwandu hwemagiya, nzira yekufambisa torque pakati pezvinhu uye dhizaini, kubva pa4 kusvika ku12 kana kupfuura mabhengi emhando dzakasiyana anogona kushandiswa mubhokisi regiya.Bearings anogadzirisa matambudziko akati wandei:
● Kuita mabasa erutsigiro kune ese kana chete mashaft ega ega (kazhinji - maviri anotsigira mashefu ese, mune mamwe mabhokisi zvirongwa zviri nyore kana zvakanyanya kuoma - imwe inotsigira shaft yekupinza, matatu anotsigira echipiri shaft, nezvimwewo) ;
● Kuita sechitsigiro chezvigadziro zvakasungirirwa pane yechipiri shaft (mumabhokisi egiya ane magiya akawiriraniswa uye magiya anotenderera akasununguka pane yechipiri shaft);
● Kuderedzwa kwemasimba anokakavadzana mu shaft uye giya zvinotsigira (kuderedzwa kwekurasikirwa kwe torque mukufambisa, kuderedzwa kwekupisa kwezvikamu zvayo).
Iko kushandiswa kwemabearings kunovimbisa kuisirwa kwakaringana kwezvikamu zvinofamba zvegiya bhokisi uye kunoderedza zvakanyanya masimba ekukwenya anomuka pakati pezvikamu izvi.Mamiriro uye hunhu hwemabhengi anoona kushanda kweiyo giya bhokisi, kugona kwayo kufambisa uye kuchinja torque, uye kazhinji kuve nechokwadi chekudzora kwemotokari.Naizvozvo, mabhengi akasakara uye akaremara anofanirwa kutsiviwa, uye kuti uite sarudzo yakanaka yezvikamu izvi, zvinodikanwa kuti unzwisise dhizaini yavo, mhando uye kushanda.
Mhando, dhizaini uye hunhu hwegiyabhokisi mabhengi
Mumotokari, tirakita uye mamwe magiya mabhokisi, akajairwa anotenderera mabheji emhando dzakati wandei anoshandiswa:
● Single-row radial uye angular contact balls;
● Bhora kaviri-mutsara angular kusangana;
● Single-row radial rollers;
● Roller conical single-row;
● Roller tsono imwe-mutsara uye kaviri-mutsara.
Imwe neimwe yemhando yemabhengi ine hunhu hwayo uye kushanda kwayo mumabhokisi egiya.
Single-row radial balls.Iwo akajairika mabhengi anogona kushandiswa serutsigiro kune ese gearbox shafts.Nemaitiro, inoumbwa nemhete mbiri, pakati payo pane mutsara wesimbi mabhora muparadzanisa.Dzimwe nguva mabhora anofukidzwa nesimbi kana epurasitiki zvindori kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwekuzora.Mabearings emhando iyi anoshanda zvakanyanya pamabhokisi emota nemidhudhudhu asina kuremerwa, asi dzimwe nguva anowanikwawo pane mamwe mashaft emabhokisi ekutakura zvinhu.
Single-row angular contact balls.Aya mabheji anowanzo kuona radial uye axial mitoro, anowanzo shandiswa semashure ekutsigisa ekutanga uye echipiri shafts, ayo panguva yekushanda kwegiya bhokisi anogona kuiswa pasi pemitoro inotungamirwa neaxis (nekuda kwekufamba kwemasynchronizers uye kusimbisa kwavo. mumagiya).Muchigadziro, angular contact bearing yakafanana neiyo radial bearing, asi zvindori zvayo zvine kumira kunodzivirira chimiro kubva pakudonha pasi peaxial mitoro.
Bhora kaviri-mutsara angular thrust.Bearings emhando iyi inonyanya kurwisana nemitoro yakakwirira, saka inowanzoshandiswa sechitsigiro chemashure chekutanga uye dzimwe nguva chepakati shaft.Nekugadzirwa, mabheji akadaro akafanana ne-single-row bearings, asi anoshandisa zvindori zvakafara nekunze kwekumira kwemabhora.
Roller single-row radial.Aya mabheji anogona kushanda pasi pemitoro yakakwira kupfuura bhora, saka anoshandiswa sezvitsigiro kune ese mashafts mugearbox yemidziyo yemotokari - marori, matirakita, midziyo yakakosha, michina yekurima, nezvimwe. , asi vanoshandisa ma rollers sezvinhu zvinomonereka - masilinda mapfupi, pamwe chete nekeji, akaiswa pakati pemhete dzine nzvimbo dzakati sandarara dzemukati.
Roller conical imwe-mutsara uye kaviri-mutsara.Mabearings emhando iyi anowanzo kuona ese ari maviri radial uye axial mitoro, nepo iwo achinyanya kushingirira kune yakakwira mitoro kupfuura bhora.Mabhengi akadaro anonyanya kushandiswa semashure uye kumberi kwezvitsigiro zvese shafts, kaviri-mutsara tapered bearings anoshandiswa mumashure anotsigirwa ekutanga uye echipiri shafts.Magadzirirwo eichi bhero anoshandisa tapered rollers, ayo akaiswa pakati pezvindori zviviri zvine beveled mukati menzvimbo.
Roller tsono imwe-mutsara uye kaviri-mutsara.Mabhengi emhando iyi, nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwawo, ane zvidiki zvidiki zvine kupikisa kwakanyanya kune radial mitoro - izvi zvinowanikwa nekushandisa madiki-diameter rollers (tsono) semitumbi yekutenderera, uye dzimwe nguva nekuwedzera nekusiya zvindori uye / kana matanga.Kazhinji, mabheji etsono anoshandiswa seanotsigira giya pane yechipiri shaft, seyechipiri shaft tsigiro (kana chigunwe chayo chiri pamagumo eiyo shaft yekupinza), kazhinji kazhinji serutsigiro rwekupikisa.
Kutakura bhora
Roller inotakura
Tapered roller bearing
Tsono ine mitsara miviri
Magearbox anogona kushandisa mabearings emhando imwe chete, kana akawanda mabearings emhando dzakasiyana.Semuenzaniso, muKP Moskvich-2140 yakaisa matatu chete bhora radial bearings - inobata mashefu ekutanga uye echipiri, uye yepakati inoiswa mubhokisi reimba pasina kutakura mabheji zvachose.Kune rumwe rutivi, muVAZ "Classic" shafts inonyanya kutarisana nebhokisi rakadzika groove, zvisinei, kutakura kwetsono kunoshandiswa kumberi kwechitsigiro chechipiri, uye shaft yepakati inosungirirwa pane roller radial. tsigiro yekumashure) uye bhora rine mitsara miviri (rutsigiro rwemberi).Uye mumabhokisi ane magiya anotenderera zvakasununguka pane yechipiri shaft, mabheji etsono anoshandiswawo zvichienderana nehuwandu hwemagiya.Muchiitiko chega chega, vagadziri vanosarudza iwo mabheya anopa nzira dzakanakisisa dzekushanda dze shafts uye magiya ebhokisi, zvichienderana nemitoro uye maitiro ekushanda kwechikwata.
Ese maBearings eKP anogadzirwa zvinoenderana nezviyero zvinotsanangura zviyero uye hunhu hwezvikamu, uye dzimwe nguva matekinoroji avo ekugadzira uye maficha.Chokutanga pane zvose, kugadzirwa kunobva pane GOST 520-2011 chiyero chakajairika kune rolling bearings, uye imwe neimwe yemhando yekutakura inoenderana neyayo chiyero (somuenzaniso, yakajairika radial ball bearings - GOST 8338-75, tsono fani - GOST 4657-82 , radial roller bearings - GOST 8328-75, nezvimwewo).
Nyaya dzesarudzo dzakaringana uye kutsiva kwemagiya bhokisi
Kutsiviwa kwegiyabhokisi mabhengi
Sezvo mutemo, mabasa ekugadzirisa echinyakare haasanganisi kutsiva kweiyo gearbox mabheji - izvi zvinoitwa sezvinodiwa muchiitiko chekupfeka kana kuparadzwa kwezvikamu.Kudikanwa kwekugadzirisa kwakadaro kunogona kuratidzwa neruzha rwekunze uye kunyange kugogodza kubva mubhokisi regiya, kungoerekana chinja uye kudzima magiya, chisionekwi chinoshanda kana chakajairwa clutch uye, kazhinji, yakashata yekufambisa basa.Muzviitiko zvose izvi, zvakakosha kuita chirwere, uye kana kusashanda kwakaonekwa, shandura mabheji.
Bearings emhando chete uye saizi dzakaiswa pabhokisi nemugadziri dzinofanira kutorwa kuti dzitsive.Sarudzo yemabhengi akakodzera inoitwa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvemakatalogi kana akasarudzika mabhuku ereferenzi, ayo anoratidza manhamba ekhathalogi uye mhando dzemabhengi ese eichi bhokisi, pamwe nemaanalogue anogamuchirwa ezvikamu.Iwe unogona kutenga mabheji zvakasiyana, asi mune dzimwe nguva - semuenzaniso, kugadziridza kukuru kwebhokisi - zvine musoro kutenga seti yakakwana yezvikamu zveimwe modhi yeyuniti.
Kutsiviwa kwemabhengi muzviitiko zvakawanda kunoda kubviswa uye kunenge kwakazara disassembly yegiya bhokisi (kunze kwekutsiva kweiyo shaft yekuisa inotakura mune mamwe magiya mabhokisi, ayo iyo unit inongoda kubviswa kubva mumotokari, asi haidi kubviswa. )Iri basa rakaoma uye rinoda kushandiswa kwezvishandiso zvakakosha (vadhonza), saka zviri nani kuvimba nazvo kune nyanzvi.Kana kugadziriswa kwebhokisi kuchiitwa nenzira yakarurama uye maererano nemirayiridzo, ipapo chikwata chicharega kukonzera matambudziko, kuwedzera kubata uye kunyaradza kwemotokari.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-26-2023