Mune chero piston yemukati inopisa injini, unogona kuwana chikamu chikuru che crank mechanism uye mamwe masisitimu ane hukama - iyo flywheel.Verenga zvese nezve flywheels, mhando dzadzo dziripo, dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda, pamwe nekusarudzwa, kugadzirisa uye kutsiviwa kwezvikamu izvi munyaya ino.
Basa uye nzvimbo yeflywheel muinjini
Flywheel (flywheel) - kusangana kweiyo crank mechanism (KShM), clutch uye piston yemukati yekupisa injini yekuvhura system;Iri pa shank ye crankshaft isimbi disc yehukuru hukuru ine mhete giya, iyo inovimbisa kushanda kwakagadzikana kwemota nekuda kwekuunganidza uye kunotevera kudzoka kwesimba rekinetic.
Kushanda kwepiston mukati meinjini dzinopisa hakuna kuenzana - mune imwe neimwe yemasilinda ayo, sitiroko ina dzinoitwa mukutenderera kuviri kweshaft, uye mune yega yega kumhanya kwepiston kwakasiyana.Kuti ubvise kutenderera kusina kuenzana kwe crankshaft, iwo mashamhu akafanana mumasilinda akasiyana anoparadzaniswa nekufamba kwenguva, uye imwe yuniti inounzwa muKShM - flywheel yakagadzirwa muchimiro chevhiri guru resimbi rakaiswa kumashure kwe crankshaft.
Iyo flywheel inogadzirisa akati wandei akakosha mabasa:
● Kuve nechokwadi chekufanana kweangular velocity ye crankshaft;
● Kuona kubviswa kwepiston kubva panzvimbo dzakafa;
● Kuendesa torque kubva ku crankshaft kuenda kune clutch mechanism uyezve kune gearbox;
● Kutumira torque kubva kune giya rekutanga kusvika kune crankshaft paunotanga chikwata chemagetsi;
● Mamwe marudzi ezvikamu ndiko kunyoroveswa kwekudengenyeka kwemhepo uye kuzununguka, kubatanidzwa kweKShM uye kutapurirana kwemotokari.
Ichi chikamu, nekuda kwehuremu hwayo, inounganidza simba rekinetic rinowanikwa panguva yekushanda sitiroko uye rinopa kune crankshaft pane matatu asara sitiroko - izvi zvinogonesa kurongeka uye kugadzikana kweangular velocity ye crankshaft, uye kubviswa kwepiston. kubva kuTDC neTDC (nekuda kwemasimba ari kubuda asina simba).Zvakare, zviri kuburikidza neiyo flywheel iyo injini inotaurirana nekufambiswa kwemotokari uye kutapurirana torque kubva mugiya remagetsi starter kusvika ku crankshaft kana injini yatangwa.Iyo flywheel yakakosha kune yakajairika kushanda kwemotokari, saka kana ikasashanda, zvinofanirwa kuita kugadzirisa kana kupedzisa kutsiva nekukurumidza sezvinobvira.Asi usati watanga basa rekugadzirisa, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa aripo marudzi, magadzirirwo uye maficha eiyo flywheels emazuva ano einjini dzinopisa mukati.
Flywheel musangano ine injini crankshaft
Mhando uye chimiro cheflywheels
Pamamotor emazuva ano, mavhirivhiri emhando dzakasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa, asi mhando nhatu dzezvikamu izvi dzakapararira:
● Solid;
● Huremu;
● Damper (kana mbiri-misa).
Chishandiso chakareruka chine mavhiri akasimba, ayo anoshandiswa pamainjini mazhinji episton emukati - kubva kumota diki kusvika kune ane simba maindasitiri, dizeli uye emugungwa injini.Nheyo yekugadzira isimbi yakakandwa kana simbi disc ine dhayamita ye30-40 cm kana kupfuura, pakati payo pane chigaro chekuisa pane crankshaft shank, uye korona inotsikirirwa padivi.Chigaro che crankshaft chinowanzo gadzirwa nenzira yekuwedzera (hub), pakati payo pane gomba rakakura dhayamita, uye kutenderedza denderedzwa kune 4-12 kana anopfuura maburi emabhoti, kuburikidza neiyo flywheel. inogadziriswa pane flange ye shaft shank.Pamusoro pekunze kweiyo flywheel, pane nzvimbo yekuisa clutch uye annular yekubata padhi yeiyo clutch driven disc inoumbwa.Padivi peiyo flywheel, giya resimbi rinotsikirirwa mukati, kuburikidza naro, panguva yekutanga, torque inofambiswa kubva kune yekutanga giya kuenda kune crankshaft.
Kazhinji, mukugadzira, iyo flywheel yakaenzana kudzivirira runouts panguva yekushanda kweinjini.Paunenge uchienzanisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeflywheel, simbi yakawandisa inobviswa (kuchera), uye nechinangwa chekuenzanisa mune imwe nzvimbo, clutch nezvimwe zvikamu (kana zvakapiwa) zvakaiswa.Mune ramangwana, kutaridzika kweiyo flywheel uye clutch haifanirwe kuchinja, kana zvisina kudaro pachava nekusaenzana kune njodzi kune crankshaft uye injini yese.
Mavhiri ekubhururuka ane dhizaini yakafanana, asi mahwindo emhando dzakasiyana uye saizi anogadzirwa mukati mawo kuti aderedze uremu.Sampling simbi yeflywheel kuitira kuderedza huremu hwayo inowanzoitwa nechinangwa chekugadzirisa uye kuwedzera injini.Kuiswa kweiyo flywheel kunoderedza kugadzikana kwesimba remagetsi mumamodhi enguva pfupi, asi inopa kukurumidza seti yekumhanya kwakanyanya uye, kazhinji, ine mhedzisiro yakanaka pamaitiro emagetsi.Nekudaro, kuiswa kweiyo lightweight flywheel inogona kungoitwa mukuwirirana nekuita kwerimwe basa pakugadzirisa / kuwedzera injini.
Dual-mass flywheels ane dhizaini yakanyanya kuomarara - anosanganisira torsional vibration dampers uye madhamureta akasiyana mukugadzira uye musimboti wekushanda.Muchiitiko chakareruka, chikwata ichi chine ma disks maviri (muranda uye tenzi), pakati payo pane torsional vibration damper - imwe kana kupfuura arc (yakaputirwa mumhete kana yakakomberedzwa nearc) zvitubu zvakamonyoroka.Mune mamwe madhizaini akaomarara, pane akati wandei magiya pakati pemadhisiki, anoita seyepasiredhi kutapurirana, uye huwandu hwezvitubu hunogona kusvika gumi nemaviri kana kupfuura.Iyo mbiri-mass flywheel, senge yakajairika, yakaiswa pane crankshaft shank uye inobata clutch.
Flywheel yakarerukaft
Dual-mass flywheel dhizaini
Iyo damper flywheel inoshanda zviri nyore.Iyo drive disc yakabatana yakananga kune crankshaft flange, ichigamuchira torque kubva kwairi, pamwe nese vibrations, vibrations uye kuvhunduka kunoitika munguva pfupi.Iyo torque kubva kudhisiki yedhiraivha kuenda kumuranda inopfuudzwa kuburikidza nezvitubu, asi nekuda kwekureruka kwavo, inotora chikamu chakakosha chekudengenyeka, kuvhunduka uye kuzununguka, ndiko kuti, vanoita mabasa edamper.Nekuda kweiyo decoupling, iyo inotyairwa disc, pamwe neiyo clutch uye kutapurirana yakabatana nayo, inotenderera zvakanyanya zvakaenzana, pasina kudengenyeka uye kuzununguka.
Parizvino, dual-mass flywheels, kunyangwe dhizaini yavo yakaoma uye mutengo wakanyanya, iri kuwedzera kuiswa painjini dzemotokari nemarori.Kuwedzera kukurumbira kwezvikamu izvi kunokonzerwa nehutano hwavo huri nani hwebasa uye kuchengetedzwa kwekutapurirana kubva kune zvakaipa zvinokonzerwa nemagetsi.Nekudaro, mavhiri ekuvakwa kwakasimba, nekuda kwemutengo wavo, kuvimbika uye nyore, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamotokari dzebhajeti, mazhinji matirakita, marori uye zvimwe midziyo.
Flywheel kusarudzwa, kutsiva uye kugadzirisa nyaya
Munguva yekushanda kweinjini, iyo flywheel inoiswa kune akakosha mekiniki mitoro, saka nekufamba kwenguva, marudzi ese ekusashanda anoitika mairi - kuputika, kupfeka kwenzvimbo yekubatana ne clutch driven disc, kupfeka uye kutsemuka kwemazino ekorona, deformation. uye kunyange kuparadzwa zvachose (zvikamu zvedare resimbi zvinozviisa pasi peizvi).Kusashanda kweiyo flywheel kunoratidzwa nekuwedzera kweyero yekudengenyeka uye ruzha panguva yekushanda kweinjini, kuparara kweclutch, kuderera kana kusakwanisa kutanga injini neanotangisa (nekuda kwekupfeka kwegiya remhete), nezvimwe.
Kazhinji kazhinji mumavhiri echimiro chakasimba, chikonzero chedambudziko iri giya remhete, pamwe nekutsemuka uye kuputsika kweiyo disc pachayo.Mune yakajairika mamiriro eiyo flywheel, korona inogona kutsiviwa, chikamu chemhando imwechete uye modhi yakamira pamberi inofanira kutorwa kuti itsive.Kana zvichidikanwa, unogona kushandisa korona ine nhamba yakasiyana yemeno, asi kutsiva kwakadaro hakuiti nguva dzose.Kubvisa zvakasimba korona kunowanzoitwa nemichina - nesando inoputika kuburikidza nechisel kana chimwe chishandiso.Kuiswa kwekorona itsva kunoitwa nekupisa kwayo - nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekushisa, chikamu chacho chichawira nyore nyore munzvimbo, uye mushure mekutonhora ichave yakanyatsogadziriswa paflywheel.
Mune damper flywheels, zvakanyanya kuoma malfunctions zvinowanzoitika - kuputsika kana kuparadzwa zvachose kwearc springs, kupfeka kwemabheri, kupfeka kwekutsvaira kwezvikamu zve discs, nezvimwewo. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, iyo dual-mass flywheel haigoni kugadziriswa, asi inotsiviwa musangano. .Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvinokwanisika kutsiva korona nemabhengi, asi zviri nani kupa mabasa aya kune nyanzvi.Diagnostics ye damper flywheel inoitwa zvese pane injini uye pane yakabviswa chikamu.Chekutanga pane zvese, kona yekutsauka kweiyo inofambiswa flywheel uye backlash inotariswa, kana kona yakakura kwazvo kana, pane zvinopesana, iyo flywheel yakajairwa, ipapo chikamu chinofanira kutsiviwa.
Basa rose rekuongorora uye kuchinjwa kweflywheel rinofanira kuitwa maererano nemirairo yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa motokari.Kuti uwane chikamu, kazhinji, zvinodikanwa kuputsa bhokisi regiya uye clutch, inosanganiswa nekuwedzera nguva uye kushanda nesimba.Paunenge uchiisa flywheel itsva, zvakakosha kutarisa kutaridzika kweclutch, pamwe nekushandisa mamwe marudzi ezvigadziro uye, kana zvichidiwa, marudzi emafuta.Kana iyo flywheel yakasarudzwa uye yakatsiviwa nemazvo, ipapo injini uye kutapurirana kuchashanda zvakavimbika, kuita mabasa avo nechivimbo.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-13-2023