Anenge ese mana-stroke piston mukati memoto injini dzine camshaft-based gasi kugovera michina.Zvese nezve camshafts, mhando dzadzo dziripo, dhizaini uye maficha ebasa, pamwe nesarudzo chaiyo uye kutsiva shafts, verenga iyo yakarongwa chinyorwa.
Chinangwa checamshaft nenzvimbo yayo muchikamu chemagetsi
Camshaft (RV, camshaft) chikamu chegasi rekugovera michina (nguva) yepiston ina-stroke yemukati injini dzinopisa inodzora gasi kuchinjana maitiro;Isimbi shaft ine makamera akaumbwa echimiro chakakosha, iyo inovimbisa kuvhurwa uye kuvharwa kwemavharuvhu kuitira kupinza musanganiswa unopfuta kana mweya mucylinder uye kuburitsa gasi rekupedza simba zvinoenderana nekufamba kwepiston uye kushanda kwese. masilinda.
Nguva ndiyo imwe yemasisitimu makuru einjini inodzoreredza yemukati, nekuda kwayo, kupihwa kwemhepo-mafuta musanganiswa (muinjini yecarburetor) kana mhepo (mumajekiseni uye injini dzedhiziri) kumasilinda inovimbiswa, uye gasi rinopera rinowanikwa. yakasunungurwa kubva kumasilinda chete panguva dzakanyatsotsanangurwa.Kutsinhana kwegasi kunoitwa kuburikidza nemavharuvhu akavakirwa muhumburumbira yega yega, uye dhiraivha yavo uye kuwiriranisa kwebasa neiyo crank mechanism uye mamwe masisitimu emagetsi emagetsi anoitwa nechikamu chimwe - camshaft.
Iyo RV inopihwa akati wandei emabasa akakosha:
● Actuator (yakananga kana kuti isina kunanga kuburikidza nezvikamu zvepakati) zvekupinza uye kubudisa mavharuvhu;
● Kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwakafanana kwekugadzirisa nguva nemamwe masisitimu emagetsi emagetsi;
● Kuve nechokwadi chekuvhura nekuvhara mavharuvhu ekutora uye ekupera simba maererano nenguva yakatarwa yevhavha (yekutora uye kupera kwemagasi pane imwe kona yekutenderera kwe crankshaft maererano neTDC uye kutanga / kupera kwekurohwa);
● Mune zvimwe zviitiko, dhiraivha yezvigadziriso zvakasiyana-siyana uye zvikamu, zvinosanganisira izvo zvinoshanda zvakaenderana nenguva (kupisa kuputika-kugovera, pombi yemafuta, nezvimwewo).
Basa guru rinoitwa neRV nderekudzora kushanda kwemavharuvhu enguva zvinoenderana nedhizaini yekugadzira nguva yevhavha yeiyi chaiyo simba unit.Kutenda kune yakakosha dhizaini, iyo camshaft inovimbisa kuvhurwa uye kuvharwa kwemavharuvhu ese panguva yakakodzera chete, inoisa makona ekupindirana kwavo pane dzimwe shamhu, etc. Yakasakara, yakaremara kana yakakuvadzwa camshaft inokanganisa kushanda kwesimba remagetsi kana zvachose. inodzima, shaft yakadaro inoda kutsiviwa nekukurumidza.Asi usati watenga chikamu chitsva, unofanirwa kunzwisisa marudzi aripo eRV, chimiro chavo uye kushanda.
Mhando, chimiro uye maitiro ecamshafts
Kazhinji, iyo RV inogadzirwa muchimiro chesimbi shaft yediki dhayamita, iyo pane akati wandei anoumbwa zvinhu:
● Makamera;
● Tsigira mitsipa;
● Gear uye / kana eccentric drive yemaitiro akasiyana-siyana;
● Sock yekuisa dhiraivha pulley / gear.
Zvinhu zvikuru zve camshaft makamera, nhamba iyo mujini isina chikamu chekuchinja nzira inoenderana nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevhavha (zvose pakutora uye pakupedza).Iwo makamera ane chimiro chakaomesesa chekudonhedza, kana RV ichitenderera, makamera anomhanya mukati uye anomhanya achibvisa mapusher, nekudaro achipa valve drive.Nekuda kwehunhu hweiyo cam profile, kwete chete kuvhurwa uye kuvhara kwemavharuvhu kunowanikwa, asi zvakare kuvachengeta munzvimbo yakavhurika kwenguva yakati, vachipindirana zvinoenderana nezvikamu, nezvimwe.
Misoro yemakamera ese inochinjirwa kune imwe neimwe, iyo inovimbisa kutevedzana kwekushanda kwemasilinda ese zvinoenderana nehurongwa hwakatemerwa kune imwe simba unit.MuRV yemajini mana-cylinder, pamusoro pemakamera eimwe silinda inoshandurwa ne90 madhigirii, kune matanhatu-cylinder injini - ne60 madhigirii, masere-cylinder V-yakaita injini - ne45 degrees, nezvimwewo. iwe unogona kazhinji kuwana kunze nekuda kwemaitiro ekugadzira mota.
Iyo RV inoiswa mubhuroko kana musoro weinjini kuburikidza nemajenari ekutsigira mumakomba akagadzirwa kana mibhedha.Iyo RV inozorora pane inobviswa (liners) kana imwe-chidimbu (bushings) inotenderedza mabhengi akagadzirwa akakosha alloys ane yakaderera coefficient yekupokana.Makomba anogadzirwa mumabearings kuti ape mafuta einjini kumajenari kubva kune general engine lubrication system.Mukutakurwa kweimwe yemajenari (kazhinji kumberi kana kumashure), rin'i yekurovera kana imwe yekuvhara inogadzirwa kudzivirira axial kufamba kweRV.
Mune chero nzvimbo iri nyore yeRV, helical giya kana eccentric inogona kuumbwa kutyaira akasiyana mayuniti.Nekubatsirwa kwegiya, dhiraivha yepombi yemafuta kana muparadzi inowanzoonekwa, uye nerubatsiro rwe eccentric, dhiraivha yepombi yemafuta inoitwa.Pane mamwe marudzi eRV, zvese zviri zviviri izvi zviripo, pane mota dzemazuva ano, pane zvinopesana, zvinhu izvi hazvipo zvachose.
Pamberi pechigunwe pane chigunwe, pane iyo pulley yemotokari kana gear inosungirirwa nenzira yekiyi uye bhoti.Iyo inobviswa counterweight inogonawo kuwanikwa pano, iyo inopa kuyera kwecamshaft pamberi pepombi drive eccentric kana zvimwe asymmetrical zvikamu pairi.
MaRV akakamurwa kuita mapoka akati wandei zvichienderana nenzira yekumisikidza uye huwandu mune imwe mota, mhando yekutyaira, kushanda mumhando dzakasiyana dzenguva uye mamwe magadzirirwo emhando.
Zvinoenderana neiyo nzira yekuisa, camshafts yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru:
● Kuiswa zvakananga mujini block (motors ane shaft yakaderera);
● Kuiswa mumusoro weblock (motor dzine shaft yepamusoro).
Kazhinji, hapana zvimwe zvekuwedzera muzasi shafts, lubrication yavo inoitwa nekuda kwehute yemafuta mu crankcase uye kupihwa kwemafuta pasi pekumanikidzwa kumagazini ekutsigira kuburikidza nemakwenzi.Mumashafu ekumusoro kazhinji pane chiteshi chenguva refu uye kudhiraivha kunochinjika kunoitwa mumagazini ekutsigira - izvi zvinovimbisa kuti majenari anozorwa nekuisa mafuta pasi pekumanikidzwa.
Camshafts emhando dzakasiyana dzeinjini
Injini inogona kuva neRV imwe kana maviri, munyaya yekutanga, shaft imwe inopa motokari kune mavharuvhu ose, muchiitiko chechipiri, shaft imwe inopa dhiraivha chete kune mavharuvhu ekutora, yechipiri kune mavharuvhu ekupera chete.Saizvozvo, paRV yakazara, huwandu hwemakamera hunoenderana nehuwandu hwemavharuvhu ese, uye pane yega yega maRV akaparadzana, nhamba yemakamera ihafu yehuwandu hwemavharuvhu.
Iyo RV inogona kufambiswa nebhandi, cheni kana giya yakabatana zvakananga kune crankshaft giya.Nhasi, marudzi maviri ekutanga emagetsi anonyanya kushandiswa, sezvo giya regiya risingavimbike uye rakaoma kugadzirisa (inoda disassembly yakakosha yeyuniti yekuisa zvikamu kana kugadzirisa).
Chekupedzisira, ese maRV anogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka maviri zvichienderana nerudzi rwegasi rekugovera michina maanogona kushanda:
● Nezvinjini zvine nguva yakajairika;
● Kumayuniti ane nguva ane variable valve timing.
Mune camshafts yerudzi rwechipiri, panogona kunge kune mamwe makamera, akachinjwa pakona duku maererano nekamera huru - nerubatsiro rwavo, mavharuvhu anofambiswa apo chikamu chinoshanduka.Zvakare, idzi shafts dzinogona kuve dzakakosha zvinhu zvekutendeuka, kutamisa chikamu chose pamwe neaxis, nezvimwe.
MaRV emarudzi ese uye madhizaini anogadzirwa nesimbi kana simbi yakakandwa, nzvimbo dzemacams esimbi maRV anowedzera kurapwa kupisa (kudzima nemhepo yakakwira-frequency currents), makamera e-cast iron RVs anocheneswa (bleaching nekuwedzera kutonhora. of the casting) - izvi zvinowana kuwedzera kwekupfeka kuramba kwezvikamu.Iyo yakapedzwa shafts yakaenzana kuderedza runouts, uye chete ipapo inoiswa pane injini kana kutumirwa kumaketani ezvitoro.
Nzira yekusarudza uye kutsiva camshaft zvakarurama
Iyo camshaft inotarisirwa kupfeka nekufamba kwenguva, machipisi uye kuomesa fomu pamakamera ayo, uye mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu chikamu chacho chinoparadzwa zvishoma kana zvachose.Muzviitiko zvose izvi, shaft inofanira kutsiviwa neimwe itsva.Iri basa rinoda disassembly yakakosha yeinjini uye mamwe magadzirirwo ekugadzirisa, saka zviri nani kuzviisa kune nyanzvi kana sevhisi yemotokari.
Camshaft nenzvimbo yayo munguva
Kuti utsive, unofanirwa kutora camshaft chete yemhando uye modhi iyo yakaiswa pane injini kare.Kazhinji, nechinangwa chekugadzirisa kana kuvandudza kushanda kwemotokari, shafts ine imwe mbiri uye cam kuronga anoshandiswa, asi kutsiva kwakadaro kunofanira kuitwa chete mushure mekuita masvomhu anodiwa.Zvakare, pamwe chete neshaft, zvinodikanwa kutenga mabhushi matsva kana liners, dzimwe nguva zvakakosha kushandura pulley, dhiraivha giya uye zvimwe zvikamu.Basa rekutsiva shaft rinofanira kuitwa chete maererano nemirayiridzo yekugadzirisa injini, mushure mokunge kuputsa kunoitwa.
Nechisarudzo chakakodzera uye kutsiva camshaft, iyo nguva yese yeinjini ichashanda yakavimbika uye nekuvimba, kuve nechokwadi chekushanda kwesimba remagetsi mune ese modes.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-13-2023