Kushanda kwakajairika kweinjini kunogoneka chete kana crankshaft yayo isina yakakosha axial displacement - backlash.Nzvimbo yakagadzikana ye shaft inopiwa nezvikamu zvakakosha - kukanda hafu-mhete.Verenga nezve crankshaft hafu-mhete, mhando dzadzo, dhizaini, sarudzo uye kutsiva mune ino chinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi crankshaft inotsigira hafu-mhete?
Iyo mafuta pressure sensor chinhu chinonzwisiswa chezviridzwa uye alarm zvishandiso zvelubrication system yekudzoreredza injini dzinopisa dzemukati;Sensor yekuyera kudzvanywa mu lubrication system uye kusaina kuderera kwayo pazasi pedanho rakakosha.
Crankshaft inopinza hafu-mhete (rutsigiro hafu-mhete, crankshaft washer, crankshaft thrust inotakura hafu-mhete) akakosha mabhengi ari muchimiro chehafu-mhete inosimbisa kushanda axial displacement (backlash, clearance) ye crankshaft yekupisa kwemukati. injini.
Muinjini dzinopisa mukati, dambudziko rekukweshera rakanyanya, rinonyanya kukosha kune crankshaft - mune yakajairwa mana-cylinder injini, shaft ine angangoita mashanu mareferenzi mapoinzi (majenari makuru) ane nzvimbo yakakura yekuonana.Kunyange masimba makuru ekukwesha anogona kuitika kana shaft shaya dzinosangana nezvitsigiro.Kuti udzivise mamiriro ezvinhu aya, majenari makuru e crankshaft anogadzirwa akafara kupfuura anotsigira.Nekudaro, mhinduro yakadai inokonzeresa axial play ye crankshaft, iyo isingagamuchirwi zvachose - axial mafambiro e shaft inotungamira mukupfeka kwakanyanya kwezvikamu zve crank mechanism uye zvinogona kukonzera kuparara kwavo.
Kubvisa kumashure kwe crankshaft, thrust inoiswa pane imwe yezvitsigiro zvayo.Iyi fani inosiyana kubva kune yakajairika liner nekuvapo kwe lateral thrust surfaces muchimiro chekora, zvindori zvinobviswa kana zvindori zvehafu.Pamatama e crankshaft panzvimbo yekugadzika kweichi bhero, nzvimbo dzekusimudzira annular dzinogadzirwa - dzinosangana nehafu mhete.Nhasi, ese einjini dzepiston akashongedzerwa nema thrust bearings, nepo zvikamu zvese zvine chimiro chakafanana uye musimboti wekushanda.
Mhando uye dhizaini ye crankshaft inotsigira hafu-mhete
Mhando mbiri dzezvikamu zvinoshandiswa kuderedza crankshaft kutamba:
• Kanda hafu-mhete;
• Washers.
Washers zvindori-chimwe-chimwe chakaiswa murutsigiro rwekumashure mainjenari ye crankshaft.Hafu-mhete hafu yemhete dzakaiswa parutsigiro rwekumashure kana imwe yepakati majenari makuru e crankshaft.Nhasi, zvindori zvehafu zvinonyanya kushandiswa, sezvo zvichipa iyo yakanyanya kukwana kune yekukanda nzvimbo ye crankshaft uye inopera zvakanyanya zvakaenzana, uye iri nyore kuisirwa / kubviswa.Mukuwedzera, washers anogona kungoiswa pajenari remashure re shaft, uye zvindori zvehafu zvinogona kuiswa pamutsipa chero upi zvake.
Zvimiro, hafu-mhete uye washers zviri nyore kwazvo.Iwo akavakirwa pane yakasimba bhuronzi kana yakadhindwa simbi hafu-mhete / mhete, painoiswa anti-friction coating, iyo inoderedza kukweshera pamusoro pekukanda pamusoro peshaft shaft.Pa-antifriction layer, maviri kana anopfuura akatwasuka (mune dzimwe nguva radial) grooves inogadzirirwa nzira yemahara yemafuta.Zvakare, maburi uye mapini ekugadzirisa emhando dzakasiyana anogona kupihwa pamhete / hafu mhete kudzivirira chikamu kubva pakutendeuka.
Maererano nekugadzirwa kwehafu mhete ndezvi:
• Bronze yakasimba;
• Simbi-aluminium - aluminium alloy inoshandiswa se antifriction layer;
• Metal-ceramic - bronze-graphite spraying inoshandiswa se antifriction layer.
Bronze hafu-mhete
Simbi-aluminium hafu-zvindori
Metal-ceramic hafu-mhete
Nhasi, simbi-aluminium uye ceramic-simbi hafu-mhete ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa, uye kazhinji inoiswa mune imwe injini kumativi akasiyana ebhuku rekutsigira.
Zvindori zvehafu zvine marudzi maviri ehukuru:
• Nominal;
• Kugadzirisa.
Zvikamu zvesaizi yezita zvinoiswa painjini nyowani uye painjini dzisina kusakara zvishoma pane yekusundidzira pamusoro pe crankshaft nerutsigiro.Gadzirisa saizi zvikamu zvine hupamhi hwekuwedzera (kazhinji mukuwedzera kwe + 0.127 mm) uye inobvumidza iwe kubhadhara kupfekwa kwenzvimbo dzekurovera dze crankshaft nerutsigiro.
Iyo crankshaft thrust bearing inogona kuwanikwa pamagazini ayo akasiyana:
- Pane imwe yepakati magazini (muchina-cylinder injini - pane yechitatu);
- Pamutsipa wekumashure (kubva kudivi reflywheel).
Muchiitiko ichi, zvindori zviviri kana zvina zvehafu zvinoshandiswa.Muchiitiko chezvindori zviviri zvehafu, zvakasungirirwa mumigero yevhavha yepasi (chivharo chejoko).Muchiitiko chezvindori zvina zvehafu, zvakasungirirwa mumigero yevhavha yepasi uye chitsigiro chepamusoro.Kune zvakare injini dzine chete hafu-mhete kana imwe washer.
Nzira yekusarudza uye kutsiva crankshaft hafu mhete?
Nokufamba kwenguva, kupinza hafu-mhete, senge chero mabhengi emubani, inopera, semhedzisiro iyo axial play ye crankshaft inowedzera.Kushanda backlash (gap) ye crankshaft iri muhupamhi hwe 0.06-0.26 mm, iyo yakawanda - sekutonga, haifaniri kudarika 0.35-0.4 mm.Iyi parameter inoyerwa uchishandisa chiratidzo chakakosha chakaiswa pamagumo e crankshaft.Kana iyo backlash ichipfuura iyo yakanyanya kubvumidzwa, iyo yekusundira hafu-mhete inofanira kutsiviwa.
Iwo makuru marudzi e diaphragm (diaphragm) oiri pressure sensors
Iyo sensor ndeye yemhando yekubata.Chishandiso chine boka rekuonana - chinofambiswa chinobata chiri pa membrane, uye yakagadziriswa yekubata yakabatana kune mudziyo muviri.Nzvimbo yevanoshamwaridzana inosarudzwa nenzira yekuti panguva yakajairika mafuta ekumanikidza muhurongwa maitirwo akazaruka, uye pakumanikidzwa kwakadzika anovharwa.Chikumbaridzo chinodzvanywa chinogadzikwa nechitubu, zvinoenderana nerudzi uye modhi yeinjini, saka yekuonana mhando sensors haiwanzo chinjana.
Rheostat sensor.Chishandiso chine tambo yakagadziriswa rheostat uye inotsvedza yakabatana kune membrane.Kana iyo membrane inotsauka kubva paavhareji chinzvimbo, inotsvedza inotenderera yakatenderedza axis nenzira yechigaro chinozunguza uye inotsvedza ichitevedza rheostat - izvi zvinotungamira kune shanduko mukupokana kweiyo rheostat, iyo inotariswa nechiyereso chekuyeresa kana yemagetsi unit.Nokudaro, kuchinja kwemafuta emafuta kunoratidzwa mukushandurwa kwekudzivirira kwe sensor, iyo inoshandiswa pakuyera.
Paunenge uchisarudza hafu-mhete, zvakakosha kufunga nezve yakakosha nuance: kwete chete hafu-mhete, asiwo iyo inosimudzira nzvimbo ye crankshaft inopfeka.Nokudaro, mumainjini matsva, kana kubviswa kwe crankshaft kunowedzera, zvinowanzodiwa kuchinja chete hafu-mhete dzakasakara - munyaya iyi, zvakakosha kutenga zvikamu zvehukuru hwezita.Uye mumainjini ane yakakwira mileage, kupfeka kweiyo inosimudzira nzvimbo ye crankshaft kunoonekwa - mune iyi kesi, zvinodikanwa kutenga zvindori zvekugadzirisa saizi.
Izvo zvinodiwa kuti usarudze mitsva yehafu-mhete dzemhando dzakafanana uye nhamba dzekatalogi seyekare.Izvo zvakakosha kuti vatevedze zvizere zviyero zvekuisa, uye vane yakakodzera anti-friction coating.Kunyanya iyo yekupedzisira mamiriro akakosha kune mota umo hafu mhete dzine akasiyana anti-friction coatings anotangwa akaiswa.Somuenzaniso, pane injini dzakawanda dzeVAZ, semi-ring yemashure ndeye ceramic-metal, uye mberi isimbi-aluminium, uye haishanduki.
Kutsiviwa kwehafu mhete kunofanira kuitwa maererano nemirayiridzo yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa motokari.Pane dzimwe injini, zvinodikanwa kubvisa pallet uye kubvisa chifukidziro chezasi chekusimudzira, pane mamwe ma motors zvichave zvakakosha kuita disassembly yakanyanya.Paunenge uchiisa zvindori zvitsva, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise maitiro avo - iyo antifriction coating (pane iyo grooves inowanzo kupihwa) inofanira kuiswa yakananga kumatama e crankshaft.
Nekusarudzwa kwakakodzera uye kuisirwa kwehafu-mhete, thrust bearings inovimbisa yakajairika kutamba kwe crankshaft uye kushanda kwakavimbika kweinjini yese.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-21-2023