Mune ese mukati meinjini dzinopisa, crankshaft uye tsvimbo dzekubatanidza dzinotenderera mumabhengi akakosha - liners.Verenga pamusoro pekuti chii chinonzi crankshaft liner, mabasa api ainoita, ndeapi marudzi emabhanhire uye kuti akarongwa sei, pamwe nekusarudzwa kwakarurama kwemagetsi matsva ekugadzirisa - verenga chinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi crankshaft liners?
Iyo crankshaft liner chikamu cheiyo crank mechanic yeinjini yekupisa yemukati, yakajeka inotakura inoderedza kurasikirwa kwekupokana uye jamming yezvikamu panzvimbo dzekusangana kwe crankshaft nemubhedha weinjini block uye.crankshaftnepiston yekubatanidza tsvimbo.Kushandiswa kwemabhengi akajeka kunokonzerwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma uye mitoro yakakwira, pasi peiyo rolling bearings (bhora kana roller) yaizoshanda zvisina kunaka uye yaizove nepfupi sosi.Nhasi, mayuniti mazhinji emagetsi anoshandisa liner, uye chete pane imwe yakaderera-simba imwe-uye maviri-cylinder injini, rolling bearings anoshandiswa se crankshaft inotsigira.
Iwo crankshaft liners ane akati wandei mabasa akakosha:
• Kuderedzwa kwemasimba ekurwisana panzvimbo yekubatana kwe crankshaft, cylinder block inotsigira uye matanda ekubatanidza;
• Kuendeswa kwemasimba uye torques inomuka panguva yekushanda kwejini - kubva pakubatanidza tsvimbo kune crankshaft, kubva kune crankshaft kusvika kune injini block, nezvimwewo;
• Kugovera kwakakodzera kwemafuta (kuumbwa kwefirimu yemafuta) pamusoro pezvikamu zvekukwesha;
• Kurongeka kwakaringana nekumisikidzwa kwezvikamu zvinoenderana nechimwe nechimwe.
Iwo ma crankshaft liners anoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kwesimba remagetsi, asi panguva imwechete iwo ari nyore kwazvo maererano nekugadzira.
Mhando uye maitiro e crankshaft liners
Crankshaft plain bearings yakakamurwa kuita mhando zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekuisa, chinangwa uye kugadzirisa zviyero.
Panzvimbo yekuiswa, kune marudzi maviri e liner:
•Indigenous;
• Matanda ekubatanidza.
Main plain bearings akaiswa mu crankshaft bed mujini block uye anovhara mainjenari e crankshaft, achivimbisa kutenderera kwayo kwemahara.Kubatanidza tsvimbo plain bearings inoiswa mumusoro wezasi wetambo yekubatanidza uye inovhara yekubatanidza tsvimbo yejenari ye crankshaft.
Zvakare, zvinoiswa zvakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri zvichienderana nechinangwa chavo:
• Zvakajairwa - kupa chete kuderedzwa kwemasimba ekukakavadzana panzvimbo dzekusangana kwezvikamu;
• Kukiya huru - kuwedzera kupa kugadzirisa kwe crankshaft mumubhedha, kudzivirira ayo axial displacement.
Common plain bearings akati sandara, akatetepa-ane madziro ehafu-mhete.Kuvhara mabheji kunogona kugadzirwa nenzira yekukanda hafu-mhete (iyo inoshandiswa museti ine flat liner) uye liners ane makora;Hafu zvindori zvakaiswa kumagumo ejini, makora liners akaiswa pane imwechete kana maviri anotsigira e crankshaft bed.
Iwo ma crankshaft liners anopera panguva yekushanda uye anofanirwa kutsiviwa, majenari e crankshaft ari pasi pekupfeka, izvo zvinotungamira mukuwedzera kwepakati pakati pezvikamu zvekukwesha.Kana iwe ukaisa mitsara mitsva yehupamhi hwakafanana neyekare, gaka rinoramba rakanyanya kukura, iro rakazara nekugogodza uye kunyanya kupfeka kwakanyanya.Kuti udzivise izvi, maraini ezvinonzi zvimiro zvekugadzirisa anoshandiswa - kuwedzera zvishoma ukobvu kunotsiva kupera kwemajenari e crankshaft.Mitsara mitsva ine saizi ye0.00, mabhanhire ekugadzirisa anogadzirwa nekuwedzera kwehupamhi ne0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25, 1.5 mm, kuiswa kwakadaro kunosarudzwa zvichienderana +0.25, +0.5, nezvimwe.
Dhizaini ye crankshaft liners
Iyo crankshaft plain bearing inoumbwa, ine maviri simbi flat hafu mhete inovhara zvachose crankshaft journal (kumusoro uye pasi).Pane zvinhu zvakawanda muchikamu ichi:
• Makomba (rimwe kana maviri) ekupfuura mafuta mumigero yemafuta mu crankshaft uye tsvimbo yekubatanidza;
• Kuvhara mumhando ye spikes kana grooves yemapini ekugadzirisa kutakura mumutsigiro wemubhedha we crankshaft kana mumusoro wezasi wekubatanidza tsvimbo;
• Longitudinal groove yekugovera mafuta kune gomba (inoitwa chete pamutsara uri padivi regeji - iyi ndiyo yakaderera huru liner uye yepamusoro yekubatanidza tsvimbo liner);
• Mucollar thrust liners - madziro emativi (makororo) ekugadzirisa kutakura uye kuderedza axial movement ye crankshaft.
Iyo liner chimiro che multilayer, hwaro hwayo iplate yesimbi ine anti-friction coating inoshandiswa kune yayo yekushanda.Icho chifukidzo chinopa kuderedzwa kwekukakavadzana uye hupenyu hurefu hwebasa rekutakura, inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvinyoro uye, zvakare, inogonawo kuva yakawanda.Nekuda kwekupfava kwayo kwakadzikira, iyo liner coating inotora zvimedu zvidiki zvekupfeka crankshaft, inodzivirira jamming yezvikamu, scuffing, nezvimwe.
Nekugadzirwa, crankshaft liners yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru:
•Bimetal;
• Trimetallic.
Bimetallic mabhengi akarongwa zvakanyanya nyore.Izvo zvinobva pamucheka wesimbi nehupamhi hwe 0.9-4 mm (zvichienderana nerudzi uye chinangwa chechikamu, mabheji makuru akawedzera, matanda ekubatanidza akatetepa), pane iyo antifriction layer ine ukobvu hwe 0.25- 0.4 mm inoshandiswa.solid lubricant) anosvika makumi manomwe neshanu muzana, anogona zvakare kunge aine zvidiki nickel, cadmium, zingi uye mamwe masimbi.
Pamusoro peiyo huru yekudzivirira friction coating, trimetallic liners ine chivharo chivharo chine ukobvu hwe 0.012-0.025 mm (12-25 μm), iyo inopa zvidziviriro zvekudzivirira (inorwisa corrosion uye kupfeka kwakanyanya kwe base layer) uye inovandudza antifriction. hunhu hwekubereka.Kupfeka uku kunogadzirwa nelead-tin-copper alloy ine lead content inosvika 92-100%, tin kusvika 12% uye mhangura isingapfuure 3%.
Zvakare, mamwe machira anogona kunge aripo mumabhengi akajeka:
• Musoro wekudzivirira wepamusoro wetini ndeyekuputira kwetini yakachena nehupamhi hwe 0.5-1 microns chete, iyo inopa kudzivirirwa kubva pakuora, mafuta uye kusvibiswa panguva yekufambisa, kuiswa uye kumhanya-mukati kwemutsara;
• Chidziviriro chezasi chetanhi chigadziro chimwechete chinoshandiswa kunze kwechigadziro (chinotarisana nerutsigiro rwe crankshaft kana mukati memusoro wetsvimbo yekubatanidza);
• Nickel sublayer (nickel barrier, gasket) - yakaonda, isingasviki 1-2 micron layer ye nickel pakati peiyo huru antifriction coating uye coating layer.Iyi danda inodzivirira kupararira kwemaatomu emarata kubva pakuputira kusvika kune iyo huru, iyo inovimbisa kusimba kwemakemikari eiyo huru antifriction coating.Mukusavapo kwechivharo che nickel mumucheka mukuru, kusungirirwa kwetini kunogona kuwedzera, izvo zvinotungamirira kukuchinja kusina kunaka kwemaitiro ekubereka.
Iyo inotariswa chimiro che plain bearings haisi chiyero, vazhinji vagadziri vanopa yavo yakasarudzika zvirongwa uye magadzirirwo.Semuenzaniso, iyo huru antifriction alloy inogona kuiswa kune chigadziko chesimbi kwete zvakananga, asi kuburikidza nekuwedzera sublayer yealuminium kana yemhangura alloy, iyo yekuputira layer inogona kuve neakasiyana enziyo, kusanganisira isina lead, nezvimwe.
Nyaya dzekusarudza uye kutsiva crankshaft liner
Paunosarudza mabheji akajeka, zvinodikanwa kutanga kubva kune injini yemuenzaniso, kupfeka kwezvikamu zvekusangana uye kuvapo kwekugadzirisa liners.Sezvo mutemo, liner inogadzirwa kune imwe modhi renji kana kunyange imwe injini modhi, saka hazvibviri kutsiva iwo nezvikamu kubva kune imwe mota (nezvisingawanzo kunze).Zvakare, haugone kushandisa liner pasina kufunga nezvekupfeka kwejenari crankshaft, kana zvikasadaro kugadzirisa kuchashanduka kuve matambudziko akakura.
Usati wasarudza hukuru hwekugadzirisa mabheji, zvakakosha kuti uone kupfekedzwa kwemajenari e crankshaft nezvimwe zvikamu zvakabatana (mibhedha, misoro yetsvimbo yekubatanidza, kunyange zvazvo isingatani kupfeka).Kazhinji, kupfeka kwemitsipa kunoitika zvisina kuenzana, mamwe acho anopera zvakanyanya, mamwe mashoma, asi seti yemabhanhire akafanana anotengwa kuti agadziriswe, saka mitsipa yese inofanira kunge yakadzika kusvika pakukura kwakafanana.Sarudzo yekukosha iyo crankshaft majenari anogaya zvinoenderana nekuwanikwa kwemabhengi emamwe saizi ekugadzirisa akakodzera injini iyi.Kune mota dzine yakaderera mileage, gadziriso saizi ye +0.25 kana +0.5 inosarudzwa, kune mota dzine akakosha mileage, kukuya kusvika pachiyero chekugadzirisa che +1.0 inogona kudiwa, mumamotor ekare zvakatonyanya - kusvika +1.5.Saka, kune injini itsva, marata matatu kana mana ekugadzirisa saizi (kusvika +0.75 kana +1.0) anowanzo kugadzirwa, uye kune ekare, liners kusvika +1.5 inogona kuwanikwa.
Saizi yekugadzira ye crankshaft liners inofanira kunge yakaita zvekuti kana uchiunganidza injini pakati pejenari re crankshaft uye inotakura nzvimbo, pane gaka muhuwandu hwe 0.03-0.07 mm.
Iine sarudzo yakanaka yemabhengi akajeka eiyo crankshaft, injini, kunyangwe ine yakakwira mileage, ichashanda nemazvo uye nemazvo munzira dzakasiyana siyana.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-22-2023