Mukushanda kweiyo crank mechanism yeinjini dzepiston, rimwe rematanho akakosha rinotambwa nezvikamu zvinobatanidza piston uye crankshaft - yekubatanidza tsvimbo.Verenga pamusoro pekuti tsvimbo yekubatanidza chii, ndeapi marudzi aya zvikamu uye kuti zvakarongwa sei, pamwe chete nekusarudzwa kwakarurama, kugadzirisa uye kuchinjwa kwekubatanidza tsvimbo munyaya ino.
Chii chinonzi tsvimbo yekubatanidza uye inotora nzvimbo ipi mujini?
Iyo yekubatanidza tsvimbo inhengo ye crank mechanism yepiston mukati meinjini dzinopisa dzemhando dzese;Chikamu chinobviswa chakagadzirirwa kubatanidza piston kune inoenderana crankshaft jenari.
Ichi chikamu chinoita akati wandei mabasa muinjini:
● Mechanical connection yepiston uye crankshaft;
● Kutumira kubva piston kusvika ku crankshaft yenguva dzinomuka panguva yekushanda sitiroko;
● Shanduko yekudzoreredza mafambiro episton kuita kutenderera kwe crankshaft;
● Lubricant inopiwa piston piston, masvingo episton (yekuwedzera kutonhora) uye cylinder, pamwe chete nezvikamu zvenguva mumagetsi emagetsi ane camshaft yakaderera.
Mune motors, nhamba yekubatanidza tsvimbo yakaenzana nenhamba yepistoni, imwe neimwe tsvimbo yekubatanidza yakabatana nepiston (kuburikidza nebhuronzi sleeve nepini), uye chikamu chezasi chakabatanidzwa kune inoenderana crankshaft journal (kuburikidza ne plain bearings).Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo hinged chimiro inoumbwa, iyo inovimbisa kusununguka kufamba kwepiston mundege yakatwasuka.
Kubatanidza tsvimbo kunoita basa rakakosha mukushanda kwesimba remagetsi, uye kuparara kwavo kunowanzo kudzima injini.Asi nokuda kwechisarudzo chakanaka uye kutsiva chikamu ichi, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise magadzirirwo ayo uye maitiro.
Mhando uye magadzirirwo ekubatanidza tsvimbo
Nhasi, kune marudzi maviri makuru ekubatanidza tsvimbo:
● Chiyero - matanda anowanzobatanidza anoshandiswa mumhando dzose dzepiston injini;
● Paired (yakataurwa) - chikwata chinosanganisira tsvimbo yekubatanidza yakajairwa uye tsvimbo yekubatanidza yakasungirirwa pairi pasina crank head, zvikwata zvakadaro zvinoshandiswa muV-shaped motors.
Dhizaini yekubatanidza tsvimbo yeinjini yekupisa inosimbiswa uye inounzwa kusvika pakukwana (sezvinogoneka nekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano), saka, kunyangwe paine akasiyana siyana einjini, ese aya zvikamu zvakarongwa nenzira imwechete.
Iyo tsvimbo yekubatanidza igomba (composite) chikamu, umo zvikamu zvitatu zvinosiyaniswa:
● Tsvimbo;
● Piston (yepamusoro) musoro;
● Crank (pazasi) musoro ine inobvisika (detachable) butiro.
Tsvimbo, musoro wepamusoro uye hafu yemusoro wezasi chikamu chimwe, zvikamu zvose izvi zvinoumbwa kamwechete mukugadzirwa kwetambo yekubatanidza.Chifukidzo chemusoro wezasi chikamu chakasiyana chakabatanidzwa kune tsvimbo yekubatanidza mune imwe nzira kana imwe.Chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu zvetambo yekubatanidza ine maitiro ayo ekugadzira uye kushanda.
Kubatanidza tsvimbo yakagadzirwa
Rod.Iyi ndiyo nheyo yetambo yekubatanidza inobatanidza misoro uye inovimbisa kuendeswa kwesimba kubva pamusoro wepiston kusvika kune crank.Kureba kwetsvimbo kunotarisa kureba kwepistoni uye sitiroko yavo, pamwe nehupamhi hwese injini.Kuti uwane kuomarara kunodiwa, akasiyana ma profiles akasungirirwa kune tsvimbo:
● I-beam pamwe nekugadzirisa masherufu perpendicular kana kufanana nemasanhu emisoro;
● Cruciform.
Kazhinji kacho, tsvimbo inopiwa I-beam profile ine longitudinal urongwa hwemasherufu (kurudyi nekuruboshwe, kana iwe ukatarisa tsvimbo yekubatanidza pamwe chete nemasanhu emisoro), mamwe maprofiles anoshandiswa zvishoma.
Mugero unocherwa mukati metsvimbo kuti upe mafuta kubva kumusoro wezasi kuenda kumusoro, mune mamwe matanda ekubatanidza mabhenji anogadzirwa kubva pakati chiteshi kupfapfaidza mafuta pamadziro ecylinder nezvimwe zvikamu.PaI-beam matanda, panzvimbo yegeji yakaboorwa, simbi yemafuta yesimbi yakabatana netsvimbo ine mabhureki esimbi inogona kushandiswa.
Kazhinji, tsvimbo inotaridzwa uye inotaridzwa kuitira kugadzwa kwakarurama kwechikamu.
Piston musoro.Gomba rakavezwa mumusoro, umo sleeve yebhuronzi inotsikirirwa, iyo inobata basa rekutakura pachena.Pini yepiston inoiswa mu sleeve ine gap duku.Kuzora nzvimbo dzekukwesha dzepini uye sleeve, gomba rinoitwa kune yekupedzisira kuti rive nechokwadi chekuyerera kwemafuta kubva mugero mukati memudonzvo wekubatanidza.
Crank head.Uyu musoro unobviswa, chikamu chayo chezasi chinogadzirwa nenzira yevhavha inobviswa yakasungirirwa padanda rekubatanidza.Iyo connector inogona kuva:
● Yakarurama - ndege yekubatanidza iri pamakona akarurama kune tsvimbo;
● Oblique - ndege yekubatanidza inogadzirwa pane imwe kona.
| Kubatanidza tsvimbo ine yakatwasuka cover connector | Kubatanidza tsvimbo ne oblique cover connector |
Zvikamu zvakajairika zvine chinongedzo chakatwasuka, matanda ekubatanidza ane oblique connector anonyanya kushandiswa paV-shaped power units and diesel engines, zviri nyore kuisa uye kuderedza ukuru hwesimba remagetsi.Chivharo chinogona kusungirirwa kune tsvimbo yekubatanidza ine mabhoti uye studs, zvishoma kazhinji pini uye zvimwe zvinongedzo zvinoshandiswa.Panogona kunge paine mabhaudhi maviri kana mana (maviri parutivi rumwe norumwe), nzungu dzadzo dzakagadziriswa neakakosha ekuvhara washer kana cotter pini.Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwakanyanya kwekubatanidza, mabhoti anogona kuve neakaomesesa chimiro uye akawedzerwa neanobatsira zvikamu (centering bushings), saka zvisungo zvekubatanidza tsvimbo dzemhando dzakasiyana hazvishanduke.
Chivharo chinogona kuitwa panguva imwe chete netambo yekubatanidza kana zvakasiyana.Muchiitiko chekutanga, mushure mokunge tsvimbo yekubatanidza yakaumbwa, musoro wezasi unoparadzaniswa kuita zvikamu zviviri kuti uite chivharo.Kuti ive nechokwadi chekubatana kwakavimbika uye kuve nechokwadi kugadzikana kwekubatana muchiitiko chenguva dzakachinjika, nzvimbo dzekuvhara yetsvimbo yekubatanidza uye chivharo chakaiswa profiled (mazino, ane rectangular lock, nezvimwewo).Pasinei nekombiyuta yekugadzira yetsvimbo yekubatanidza, gomba riri mumusoro wezasi rinobvongodzwa mugungano nevhavha, saka zvikamu izvi zvinofanira kushandiswa chete paviri, hazvishanduki.Kudzivirira kupfungaira kwetsvimbo yekubatanidza uye chivharo, mamakisi ari muchimiro chemavara emhando dzakasiyana kana manhamba anogadzirwa pazviri.
Dhizaini yekubatanidza tsvimbo dzemhando dzakasiyana
Mukati memusoro wekrank, huru inotakura (liner) yakaiswa, yakagadzirwa nenzira yehafu-mhete.Kugadzirisa maearbuds, kune maviri kana mana grooves (grooves) mukati memusoro, iyo inosanganisira mashedhi anowirirana pamagetsi.Pamusoro pekunze kwemusoro, pombi yemafuta inogona kupihwa kupfapfaidza mafuta pamadziro ecylinder uye zvimwe zvikamu.
Muchidimbu chekubatanidza tsvimbo, kuputika negomba rinoputika rinogadzirwa pamusoro pemusoro, iyo iyo pini yemusoro wezasi weiyo trailed yekubatanidza tsvimbo inoiswa.Iyo trailed yekubatanidza tsvimbo pachayo ine chigadziro chakafanana nechekare chekubatanidza tsvimbo, asi musoro wayo wezasi une dhayamita diki uye hausi kuparadzaniswa.
Matanda ekubatanidza anogadzirwa nekutsika kana kuumba, zvisinei, chifukidziro chemusoro wezasi chinogona kukandwa.Pakugadzirwa kwezvikamu izvi, magiredhi akasiyana-siyana ekabhoni uye alloy simbi anoshandiswa, ayo anogona kushanda zvakajairika pasi pemakina makuru uye anopisa mitoro.
Nyaya dzekuchengetedza, kugadzirisa uye kuchinjwa kwekubatanidza tsvimbo
Kubatanidza tsvimbo panguva yekushanda kweinjini kunoenderana nekupfeka kushoma (sezvo mitoro mikuru inonzwisiswa nemabhanhire ari mumusoro wezasi uye sleeve mumusoro wepamusoro), uye deformation uye kuputsika mazviri kunoitika kana nekukanganisa kwakanyanya kweinjini kana semhedzisiro. kushandiswa kwayo kwakasimba kwenguva refu.Zvisinei, kana uchiita rimwe basa rekugadzirisa, zvakakosha kubvisa uye kuparadzanisa matanda ekubatanidza, uye kugadziriswa kwechikwata chemagetsi kunowanzoperekedzwa nekutsiviwa kwekubatanidza tsvimbo uye zvikamu zvakabatana.
Disassembly, kuputsa uye kuteedzera kuiswa kwekubatanidza tsvimbo kunoda kuteedzera mimwe mitemo:
● Zvifukidzo zvemisoro yakaderera zvinofanira kuiswa chete pa "native" yekubatanidza tsvimbo, kuputsika kwechifukidzo kunoda kuchinjwa kwakakwana kwetambo yekubatanidza;
● Paunenge uchiisa matanda ekubatanidza, zvakakosha kuchengeta kurongeka kwavo kwekuisa - tsvimbo imwe neimwe yekubatanidza inofanira kutora nzvimbo yayo uye ine nzvimbo yakarurama yekutarisa;
● Kusunga nzungu kana mabhaudhi kunofanira kuitwa neimwe simba (uchishandisa chipanera che torque).
Kunyanya kukoshesa kunofanira kubhadharwa kune kutaridzika kwetambo yekubatanidza munzvimbo.Pane kazhinji mucherechedzo patsvimbo, iyo, kana yakaiswa pa-in-line mota, inofanira kutarisana nemberi kwayo uye inopindirana nekutungamira kwemuseve papiston.Mune injini dzakafanana neV, mumutsara mumwe, chiratidzo uye museve zvinofanira kutarisa kune imwe nzira (kazhinji mutsara wekuruboshwe), uye mumutsara wechipiri - nenzira dzakasiyana.Kurongeka uku kunovimbisa kuenzanirana kweKShM uye mota yacho yese.
Muchiitiko chekuputsika kwechifukidziro, kana torsion, deflections uye kumwe kukanganiswa, pamwe chete nekuparadzwa, matanda ekubatanidza anotsiviwa zvachose.Tsvimbo itsva yekubatanidza inofanira kunge iri yemhando imwechete uye nhamba yekatalogi seyakaiswa pamota kare, asi chikamu ichi chichiri kuda kusarudzwa nehuremu kuchengetedza injini kuenzanisa.Nenzira yakanaka, mapoka ose ekubatanidza tsvimbo uye piston yeinjini inofanira kuva nehuremu hwakafanana, asi chaizvoizvo matanda ose ekubatanidza, pistons, pini uye liners ane misi yakasiyana (kunyanya kana zvikamu zvekugadzirisa zviyero zvakashandiswa), saka zvikamu zvinofanira kuyerwa. uye inopedzwa nehuremu.Huremu hwematanda ekubatanidza hunotaridzirwa nekufungisisa huremu hweumwe neumwe wemisoro yayo.
Disassembly, kutsiva uye gungano rekubatanidza tsvimbo uye mapoka ekubatanidza tsvimbo-piston inofanira kuitwa zvakanyatsoenderana nemirairo yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa motokari.Mune ramangwana, matanda ekubatanidza haadi kutarisirwa kwakakosha.Nekusarudzwa kwakakodzera uye kuiswa kwekubatanidza tsvimbo, injini ichapa kushanda kwakakodzera mumamiriro ose ekushanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-05-2023