Motokari dzakawanda dzemazuva ano dzinoshandisa kumiswa kwemhepo ine zvinogadziriswa parameters.Hwaro hwekumiswa ndeyemhepo chitubu - verenga zvese nezvezvinhu izvi, mhando dzazvo, magadzirirwo maficha uye kushanda, pamwe nesarudzo chaiyo nekutsiviwa kwezvikamu izvi, muchinyorwa.
Chii chinonzi chitubu chemhepo?
Air spring (air spring, air cushion, air spring) - chinhu chinonzi elastic chekusimudzira mhepo yemotokari;pneumatic cylinder ine kugona kushandura vhoriyamu uye kusimba, iri pakati pevhiri axle uye furemu / muviri wemota.
Kumiswa kwemota dzine mavhiri kwakavakirwa pazvinhu zvemhando mitatu mikuru - elastic, giredhi uye kunyorova.Mumhando dzakasiyana dzekumiswa, zvitubu uye zvitubu zvinogona kuita sechinhu elastic, marudzi akasiyana-siyana evhavha anogona kuita segwara (uye mukumisikidzwa kwechirimo - zvitubu zvakafanana), zvinokatyamadza zvinogona kuita sechinhu chinopisa.Mumazuva ano kumiswa kwemhepo kwemarori nemotokari, zvikamu izvi zviripo zvakare, asi basa rezvinhu elastic mukati mazvo rinoitwa neakakosha masilinda emhepo - zvitubu zvemhepo.
Chitubu chemhepo chine mabasa akati wandei:
● Kufambiswa kwechinguva kubva munzira yemugwagwa kusvika kune furemu / muviri wemotokari;
● Kushandura kuoma kwekusimirirwa maererano nemutoro uye mamiriro emugwagwa wezvino;
● Kugovera uye kuenzana kwemutoro pamavhiri e-axles uye mavhiri ega ega emotokari nekutakura kusina kuenzana;
● Kuona kugadzikana kwemotokari paunenge uchityaira pamateru, kukanganisa kwemugwagwa uye kutendeuka;
● Kuvandudza kunyaradza kwemotokari paunenge uchityaira mumigwagwa ine nzvimbo dzakasiyana.
Ndiko kuti, chitubu chemhepo chinoita basa rimwechete mugumbo rekusimudzira hurongwa sechitubu chemazuva ose kana chitubu, asi panguva imwechete inokubvumira kuti uchinje kuoma kwekumiswa uye kugadzirisa maitiro ayo zvichienderana nemamiriro emugwagwa, kurodha, nezvimwewo. usati watenga chitubu chemhepo chitsva, unofanirwa kunzwisisa marudzi aripo ezvikamu izvi, magadzirirwo avo uye nheyo yekushanda.
Mhando, dhizaini uye musimboti wekushanda kwezvitubu zvemhepo
Mhando nhatu dzezvitubu zvemhepo dziri kushandiswa parizvino:
● Cylinder;
● Diaphragm;
● Mhando yakasanganiswa (yakasanganiswa).
Zvitubu zvemhepo zvemarudzi akasiyana-siyana zvine maitiro avo ekugadzira uye zvakasiyana mumutemo wekushanda.
Mhando uye magadzirirwo emhepo zvitubu
Cylinder air springs
Aya ndiwo maturusi akareruka mukugadzira, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pamotokari dzakasiyana siyana.Zvimiro, chitubu chemhepo chakadaro chine silinda yerabha (multilayer rubber-tambo shell, yakafanana mukugadzirwa kune rubber hoses, matai, nezvimwewo), yakasungirirwa pakati pezvitsigiro zvesimbi.Mune imwe tsigiro (kazhinji kumusoro) kune mapaipi ekupa uye kubuda ropa mweya.
Zvinoenderana nekugadzirwa kwecylinder, zvishandiso izvi zvakakamurwa kuva marudzi akati wandei:
● Barel;
● Bellows;
● Makora.
Mune zvitubu zvemhepo zvakaita sedhiramu, silinda inogadzirwa nenzira yehumburumbira ine yakatwasuka kana yakatenderedzwa (muchimiro chehafu yetorus) madziro, iyi ndiyo nzira iri nyore.Mune mabhero zvishandiso, silinda yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri, zvitatu kana kupfuura, pakati pezvindori zvebhanhire.Mune zvitubu zvine marara, silinda ine corrugation kureba kwese kana chete pachikamu chayo, inogona zvakare kunge iine bhanhire mhete uye ebetsero zvinhu.
Mhepo zvitubu zvechibharumu (mabhero) mhando
Iyo cylinder-mhando yemhepo chitubu inoshanda zviri nyore: kana mweya wakamanikidzwa uchipihwa, kudzvanywa mucylinder kunokwira, uye yakatambanudzwa zvishoma kureba, iyo inova nechokwadi chekusimudzwa kwemotokari kana, pamutoro wakakwira, kuchengetedza mwero wefuremu / muviri pamwero wakapihwa.Panguva imwecheteyo, kuoma kwekumiswa kunowedzerawo.Kana mhepo ichibudiswa kubva muhumburumbira, kudzvinyirirwa kunoderera, pasi pesimba remutoro, silinda inomanikidzwa - izvi zvinotungamirira kuderera kwehuwandu hwechimiro / muviri uye kuderera kwekuoma kwekumiswa.
Kazhinji, zvitubu zvemhepo zverudzi urwu zvinongonzi zvitubu zvemhepo.Izvi zvikamu zvinogona kushandiswa zviri zviviri muchimiro chekuzvimiririra elastic suspension parts, uye sechikamu chezvimwe zvinhu - zvitubu (makuru-diameter akakomberedzwa zvitubu zviri kunze kwecylinder), hydraulic shock absorbers (akadaro struts anoshandiswa pamotokari, SUVs nezvimwe. michina yakareruka), nezvimwe.
Diaphragm mweya zvitubu
Nhasi, kune marudzi maviri makuru emhando iyi yemhepo chitubu:
● Diaphragm;
● Diaphragm sleeve type
Iyo diaphragm air spring ine yepasi-yemuviri-bhesi uye yepamusoro rutsigiro, pakati payo pane rabha-tambo diaphragm.Zviyero zvezvikamu zvinosarudzwa nenzira yakadai kuti chikamu chepamusoro chitsigiro chine diaphragm chinogona kupinda mukati memuviri wechigadziko, pane iyo basa remhando iyi yemhepo inoputika.Kana mweya wakamanikidzwa uchipihwa kune iyo imba, iyo yekumusoro rutsigiro inowedzerwa uye inosimudza iyo yese furemu / muviri wemotokari.Panguva imwecheteyo, kuoma kwekumiswa kunowedzera, uye kana uchityaira pamigwagwa isina kuenzana, iyo yepamusoro inotsigira oscillates mundege yakatwasuka, zvishoma kuderedza kuvhunduka uye kudengenyeka.
Mhepo zvitubu zvechibharumu (mabhero) mhando
Sleeve-type diaphragm air spring ine dhizaini yakafanana, asi mairi diaphragm inotsiviwa nerubber sleeve yekuwedzera kureba uye dhayamita, mukati umo mutumbi wepasi uripo.Iyi dhizaini inogona kushandura zvakanyanya kureba kwayo, iyo inokubvumira kuti uchinje kureba uye kuomarara kwekumiswa pamusoro pehupamhi.Mhepo zvitubu zveiyi dhizaini inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukumiswa kwemarori, anowanzo shandiswa sezvikamu zvakazvimirira pasina zvimwe zvinhu.
Zvitubu zvemhepo zvakasanganiswa
Muzvikamu zvakadaro, zvikamu zve diaphragm uye balloon air springs zvinosanganiswa.Kazhinji, silinda inowanikwa muchikamu chezasi, iyo diaphragm iri muchikamu chepamusoro, iyi sarudzo inopa damping yakanaka uye inobvumidza iwe kugadzirisa maitiro ekumisa mukati mehupamhi hwakawanda.Zvitubu zvemhepo zverudzi urwu ndezvekushandiswa kushoma pamotokari, kazhinji kazhinji zvinogona kuwanikwa pakutakura njanji uye mumakina akasiyana siyana.
diaphragm air spring
Nzvimbo yezvitubu zvemhepo mukumiswa kwemotokari
Kumiswa kwemhepo kunovakirwa pahwaro hwezvitubu zvemhepo zviri pane imwe neimwe axle padivi pemavhiri - munzvimbo imwechete iyo yakajairwa longitudinal zvitubu uye struts akaiswa.Panguva imwecheteyo, zvichienderana nerudzi rwemotokari uye mitoro yekushanda, nhamba yakasiyana yezvitubu zvemhepo zveimwe mhando kana imwe inogona kuwanikwa pane imwe axle.
Mumotokari dzevatakuri, zvitubu zvemhepo zvakaparadzana hazviwanzo shandiswa - kazhinji izvi zvitubu umo hydraulic shock absorbers inosanganiswa neyakajairwa, mabhero kana corrugated mhepo zvitubu.Pane imwe axis kune maviri racks akadaro, anotsiva akajairika racks nezvitubu.
Mumarori, zvitubu zvemhepo zvepaipi nemhando dzemabhero zvinonyanya kushandiswa.Panguva imwecheteyo, maviri kana mana matsime emhepo anogona kuiswa pane imwe axis.Muchiitiko chekupedzisira, zvitubu zvemaoko zvinoshandiswa sezvinhu zvakakura zve elastic, zvichipa shanduko yehurefu uye kuoma kwekumiswa, uye mabhero matsime anoshandiswa seaya anobatsira, ayo anoshanda semadhamu uye anoshanda kushandura kuoma kwekumiswa mukati. mimwe miganhu.
Zvitubu zvemhepo chikamu chezvese kumiswa kwemhepo.Mhepo yakamanikidzwa inopihwa kuzvikamu izvi kuburikidza nemapaipi kubva kune vanogamuchira (masilinda emhepo) kuburikidza nemavharuvhu nemavharuvhu, zvitubu zvemhepo uye kumiswa kwese kunodzorwa kubva mucab / mukati memotokari uchishandisa yakakosha mabhatani uye switch.
Nzira yekusarudza, kutsiva uye kuchengetedza zvitubu zvemhepo
Zvitubu zvemhepo zvemarudzi ese panguva yekushanda kwemotokari zvinoiswa kumitoro yakakosha, inotungamira mukupfeka kwavo kwakanyanya uye kazhinji inoshanduka kuita kuputsika.Kazhinji kazhinji isu tinofanirwa kutarisana nekukuvadza kune mabhomba erubha-tambo, semhedzisiro iyo silinda inorasikirwa nekusimba kwayo.Kuputsika kwezvitubu zvemhepo zvinoratidzirwa nemupumburu wemotokari kana yakamira injini yakavharwa uye kusakwanisa kunyatsogadzirisa kuoma kwekumisa.Chikamu chakaremara chinofanira kuongororwa uye kuchinjwa.
Chitubu chemhando imwechete iyo yakaiswa kare inoshandiswa kutsiva - zvikamu zvitsva uye zvekare zvinofanirwa kunge zvine zviyero zvakafanana zvekuisa uye maitiro ekuita.Mumotokari zhinji, iwe uchafanirwa kutenga maviri emhepo zvitubu panguva imwe chete, sezvo zvinokurudzirwa kushandura zvikamu zviviri pane imwechete axle, kunyangwe yechipiri ichinyatsoshanda.Kutsiviwa kunoitwa zvinoenderana nemirairo yemotokari, kazhinji basa iri haridi kupindira kwakakosha mukumisa uye rinogona kuitwa nekukurumidza.Munguva yekushanda kunotevera kwemotokari, zvitubu zvemhepo zvinofanira kugara zvichiongororwa, kushambidzwa uye kuongororwa kuti zviome sei.Paunenge uchiita kuchengetedzwa kwakakodzera, zvitubu zvemhepo zvichashanda zvakavimbika, zvichivimbisa kushanda kwepamusoro-soro kwekumiswa kwese.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-13-2023